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diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/protected_4.f90 b/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/protected_4.f90
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f0e49f09
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+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/protected_4.f90
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+! { dg-do compile }
+! { dg-shouldfail "Invalid Fortran 2003 code" }
+! { dg-options "-std=f2003 -fall-intrinsics" }
+! PR fortran/23994
+!
+! Test PROTECTED attribute. Within the module everything is allowed.
+! Outside (use-associated): For pointers, their association status
+! may not be changed. For nonpointers, their value may not be changed.
+!
+! Test of a invalid code
+
+module protmod
+  implicit none
+  integer          :: a
+  integer, target  :: at
+  integer, pointer :: ap
+  protected :: a, at, ap
+end module protmod
+
+program main
+  use protmod
+  implicit none
+  integer   :: j 
+  logical   :: asgnd
+  protected :: j ! { dg-error "only allowed in specification part of a module" }
+  a = 43       ! { dg-error "variable definition context" }
+  ap => null() ! { dg-error "pointer association context" }
+  nullify(ap)  ! { dg-error "pointer association context" }
+  ap => at     ! { dg-error "pointer association context" }
+  ap = 3       ! OK
+  allocate(ap) ! { dg-error "pointer association context" }
+  ap = 73      ! OK
+  call increment(a,at) ! { dg-error "variable definition context" }
+  call pointer_assignments(ap) ! { dg-error "pointer association context" }
+  asgnd = pointer_check(ap)
+contains
+  subroutine increment(a1,a3)
+    integer, intent(inout) :: a1, a3
+    a1 = a1 + 1
+    a3 = a3 + 1
+  end subroutine increment
+  subroutine pointer_assignments(p)
+    integer, pointer,intent(out) :: p
+    p => null()           
+  end subroutine pointer_assignments
+  function pointer_check(p)
+    integer, pointer,intent(in) :: p
+    logical :: pointer_check
+    pointer_check = associated(p)
+  end function pointer_check
+end program main
+
+module test
+  real :: a
+  protected :: test ! { dg-error "MODULE attribute conflicts with PROTECTED" }
+end module test
+
+! { dg-final { cleanup-modules "protmod test" } }