Threads have names to identify them. These names are not necessarily * unique. Every Thread has a priority, as well, which tells the VM which * Threads should get more running time. New threads inherit the priority * and daemon status of the parent thread, by default. * *
There are two methods of creating a Thread: you may subclass Thread and
* implement the run() method, at which point you may start the
* Thread by calling its start() method, or you may implement
* Runnable in the class you want to use and then call new
* Thread(your_obj).start().
*
*
The virtual machine runs until all non-daemon threads have died (either
* by returning from the run() method as invoked by start(), or by throwing
* an uncaught exception); or until System.exit is called with
* adequate permissions.
*
*
It is unclear at what point a Thread should be added to a ThreadGroup,
* and at what point it should be removed. Should it be inserted when it
* starts, or when it is created? Should it be removed when it is suspended
* or interrupted? The only thing that is clear is that the Thread should be
* removed when it is stopped.
*
* @author Tom Tromey
* @author John Keiser
* @author Eric Blake (ebb9@email.byu.edu)
* @author Andrew John Hughes (gnu_andrew@member.fsf.org)
* @see Runnable
* @see Runtime#exit(int)
* @see #run()
* @see #start()
* @see ThreadLocal
* @since 1.0
* @status updated to 1.4
*/
public class Thread implements Runnable
{
/** The minimum priority for a Thread. */
public static final int MIN_PRIORITY = 1;
/** The priority a Thread gets by default. */
public static final int NORM_PRIORITY = 5;
/** The maximum priority for a Thread. */
public static final int MAX_PRIORITY = 10;
/**
* The group this thread belongs to. This is set to null by
* ThreadGroup.removeThread when the thread dies.
*/
ThreadGroup group;
/** The object to run(), null if this is the target. */
private Runnable runnable;
/** The thread name, non-null. */
String name;
/** Whether the thread is a daemon. */
private boolean daemon;
/** The thread priority, 1 to 10. */
private int priority;
boolean interrupt_flag;
/** A thread is either alive, dead, or being sent a signal; if it is
being sent a signal, it is also alive. Thus, if you want to
know if a thread is alive, it is sufficient to test
alive_status != THREAD_DEAD. */
private static final byte THREAD_DEAD = 0;
private static final byte THREAD_ALIVE = 1;
private static final byte THREAD_SIGNALED = 2;
private boolean startable_flag;
/** The context classloader for this Thread. */
private ClassLoader contextClassLoader;
/** This thread's ID. */
private final long threadId;
/** The next thread ID to use. */
private static long nextThreadId;
/** Used to generate the next thread ID to use. */
private static long totalThreadsCreated;
/** The default exception handler. */
private static UncaughtExceptionHandler defaultHandler;
/** Thread local storage. Package accessible for use by
* InheritableThreadLocal.
*/
ThreadLocalMap locals;
/** The uncaught exception handler. */
UncaughtExceptionHandler exceptionHandler;
/** This object is recorded while the thread is blocked to permit
* monitoring and diagnostic tools to identify the reasons that
* threads are blocked.
*/
private Object parkBlocker;
/** Used by Unsafe.park and Unsafe.unpark. Se Unsafe for a full
description. */
static final byte THREAD_PARK_RUNNING = 0;
static final byte THREAD_PARK_PERMIT = 1;
static final byte THREAD_PARK_PARKED = 2;
static final byte THREAD_PARK_DEAD = 3;
/** The access control state for this thread. Package accessible
* for use by java.security.VMAccessControlState's native method.
*/
Object accessControlState = null;
// This describes the top-most interpreter frame for this thread.
RawData interp_frame;
// This describes the top most frame in the composite (interp + JNI) stack
RawData frame;
// Current state.
volatile int state;
// Our native data - points to an instance of struct natThread.
RawDataManaged data;
/**
* Allocates a new Thread object. This constructor has
* the same effect as Thread(null, null,
* gname), where gname is
* a newly generated name. Automatically generated names are of the
* form "Thread-"+n, where n is an integer.
*
* Threads created this way must have overridden their
* run() method to actually do anything. An example
* illustrating this method being used follows:
*
* import java.lang.*;
*
* class plain01 implements Runnable {
* String name;
* plain01() {
* name = null;
* }
* plain01(String s) {
* name = s;
* }
* public void run() {
* if (name == null)
* System.out.println("A new thread created");
* else
* System.out.println("A new thread with name " + name +
* " created");
* }
* }
* class threadtest01 {
* public static void main(String args[] ) {
* int failed = 0 ;
*
* Thread t1 = new Thread();
* if (t1 != null)
* System.out.println("new Thread() succeed");
* else {
* System.out.println("new Thread() failed");
* failed++;
* }
* }
* }
* Thread object. This constructor has
* the same effect as Thread(null, target,
* gname), where gname is
* a newly generated name. Automatically generated names are of the
* form "Thread-"+n, where n is an integer.
*
* @param target the object whose run method is called.
* @see java.lang.Thread#Thread(java.lang.ThreadGroup,
* java.lang.Runnable, java.lang.String)
*/
public Thread(Runnable target)
{
this(null, target, gen_name());
}
/**
* Allocates a new Thread object. This constructor has
* the same effect as Thread(null, null, name).
*
* @param name the name of the new thread.
* @see java.lang.Thread#Thread(java.lang.ThreadGroup,
* java.lang.Runnable, java.lang.String)
*/
public Thread(String name)
{
this(null, null, name);
}
/**
* Allocates a new Thread object. This constructor has
* the same effect as Thread(group, target,
* gname), where gname is
* a newly generated name. Automatically generated names are of the
* form "Thread-"+n, where n is an integer.
*
* @param group the group to put the Thread into
* @param target the Runnable object to execute
* @throws SecurityException if this thread cannot access group
* @throws IllegalThreadStateException if group is destroyed
* @see #Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)
*/
public Thread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target)
{
this(group, target, gen_name());
}
/**
* Allocates a new Thread object. This constructor has
* the same effect as Thread(group, null, name)
*
* @param group the group to put the Thread into
* @param name the name for the Thread
* @throws NullPointerException if name is null
* @throws SecurityException if this thread cannot access group
* @throws IllegalThreadStateException if group is destroyed
* @see #Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)
*/
public Thread(ThreadGroup group, String name)
{
this(group, null, name);
}
/**
* Allocates a new Thread object. This constructor has
* the same effect as Thread(null, target, name).
*
* @param target the Runnable object to execute
* @param name the name for the Thread
* @throws NullPointerException if name is null
* @see #Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)
*/
public Thread(Runnable target, String name)
{
this(null, target, name);
}
/**
* Allocate a new Thread object, with the specified ThreadGroup and name, and
* using the specified Runnable object's run() method to
* execute. If the Runnable object is null, this (which is
* a Runnable) is used instead.
*
* If the ThreadGroup is null, the security manager is checked. If a
* manager exists and returns a non-null object for
* getThreadGroup, that group is used; otherwise the group
* of the creating thread is used. Note that the security manager calls
* checkAccess if the ThreadGroup is not null.
*
*
The new Thread will inherit its creator's priority and daemon status.
* These can be changed with setPriority and
* setDaemon.
*
* @param group the group to put the Thread into
* @param target the Runnable object to execute
* @param name the name for the Thread
* @throws NullPointerException if name is null
* @throws SecurityException if this thread cannot access group
* @throws IllegalThreadStateException if group is destroyed
* @see Runnable#run()
* @see #run()
* @see #setDaemon(boolean)
* @see #setPriority(int)
* @see SecurityManager#checkAccess(ThreadGroup)
* @see ThreadGroup#checkAccess()
*/
public Thread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name)
{
this(currentThread(), group, target, name, false);
}
/**
* Allocate a new Thread object, as if by
* Thread(group, null, name), and give it the specified stack
* size, in bytes. The stack size is highly platform independent,
* and the virtual machine is free to round up or down, or ignore it
* completely. A higher value might let you go longer before a
* StackOverflowError, while a lower value might let you go
* longer before an OutOfMemoryError. Or, it may do absolutely
* nothing! So be careful, and expect to need to tune this value if your
* virtual machine even supports it.
*
* @param group the group to put the Thread into
* @param target the Runnable object to execute
* @param name the name for the Thread
* @param size the stack size, in bytes; 0 to be ignored
* @throws NullPointerException if name is null
* @throws SecurityException if this thread cannot access group
* @throws IllegalThreadStateException if group is destroyed
* @since 1.4
*/
public Thread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name, long size)
{
// Just ignore stackSize for now.
this(currentThread(), group, target, name, false);
}
/**
* Allocate a new Thread object for threads used internally to the
* run time. Runtime threads should not be members of an
* application ThreadGroup, nor should they execute arbitrary user
* code as part of the InheritableThreadLocal protocol.
*
* @param name the name for the Thread
* @param noInheritableThreadLocal if true, do not initialize
* InheritableThreadLocal variables for this thread.
* @throws IllegalThreadStateException if group is destroyed
*/
Thread(String name, boolean noInheritableThreadLocal)
{
this(null, null, null, name, noInheritableThreadLocal);
}
private Thread (Thread current, ThreadGroup g, Runnable r, String n, boolean noInheritableThreadLocal)
{
// Make sure the current thread may create a new thread.
checkAccess();
// The Class Libraries book says ``threadName cannot be null''. I
// take this to mean NullPointerException.
if (n == null)
throw new NullPointerException ();
if (g == null)
{
// If CURRENT is null, then we are bootstrapping the first thread.
// Use ThreadGroup.root, the main threadgroup.
if (current == null)
group = ThreadGroup.root;
else
group = current.getThreadGroup();
}
else
group = g;
data = null;
interrupt_flag = false;
startable_flag = true;
synchronized (Thread.class)
{
this.threadId = nextThreadId++;
}
// Always create the ThreadLocalMap when creating a thread; the
// previous code did this lazily when getThreadLocals was called,
// but this is a divergence from Classpath's implementation of
// ThreadLocal.
this.locals = new ThreadLocalMap();
if (current != null)
{
group.checkAccess();
daemon = current.isDaemon();
int gmax = group.getMaxPriority();
int pri = current.getPriority();
priority = (gmax < pri ? gmax : pri);
contextClassLoader = current.contextClassLoader;
// InheritableThreadLocal allows arbitrary user code to be
// executed, only do this if our caller desires it.
if (!noInheritableThreadLocal)
InheritableThreadLocal.newChildThread(this);
}
else
{
daemon = false;
priority = NORM_PRIORITY;
}
name = n;
group.addThread(this);
runnable = r;
initialize_native ();
}
/**
* Get the number of active threads in the current Thread's ThreadGroup.
* This implementation calls
* currentThread().getThreadGroup().activeCount().
*
* @return the number of active threads in the current ThreadGroup
* @see ThreadGroup#activeCount()
*/
public static int activeCount()
{
return currentThread().group.activeCount();
}
/**
* Check whether the current Thread is allowed to modify this Thread. This
* passes the check on to SecurityManager.checkAccess(this).
*
* @throws SecurityException if the current Thread cannot modify this Thread
* @see SecurityManager#checkAccess(Thread)
*/
public final void checkAccess()
{
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null)
sm.checkAccess(this);
}
/**
* Count the number of stack frames in this Thread. The Thread in question
* must be suspended when this occurs.
*
* @return the number of stack frames in this Thread
* @throws IllegalThreadStateException if this Thread is not suspended
* @deprecated pointless, since suspend is deprecated
*/
public native int countStackFrames();
/**
* Get the currently executing Thread. In the situation that the
* currently running thread was created by native code and doesn't
* have an associated Thread object yet, a new Thread object is
* constructed and associated with the native thread.
*
* @return the currently executing Thread
*/
public static native Thread currentThread();
/**
* Originally intended to destroy this thread, this method was never
* implemented by Sun, and is hence a no-op.
*
* @deprecated This method was originally intended to simply destroy
* the thread without performing any form of cleanup operation.
* However, it was never implemented. It is now deprecated
* for the same reason as suspend(),
* stop() and resume(); namely,
* it is prone to deadlocks. If a thread is destroyed while
* it still maintains a lock on a resource, then this resource
* will remain locked and any attempts by other threads to
* access the resource will result in a deadlock. Thus, even
* an implemented version of this method would be still be
* deprecated, due to its unsafe nature.
* @throws NoSuchMethodError as this method was never implemented.
*/
public void destroy()
{
throw new NoSuchMethodError();
}
/**
* Print a stack trace of the current thread to stderr using the same
* format as Throwable's printStackTrace() method.
*
* @see Throwable#printStackTrace()
*/
public static void dumpStack()
{
(new Exception("Stack trace")).printStackTrace();
}
/**
* Copy every active thread in the current Thread's ThreadGroup into the
* array. Extra threads are silently ignored. This implementation calls
* getThreadGroup().enumerate(array), which may have a
* security check, checkAccess(group).
*
* @param array the array to place the Threads into
* @return the number of Threads placed into the array
* @throws NullPointerException if array is null
* @throws SecurityException if you cannot access the ThreadGroup
* @see ThreadGroup#enumerate(Thread[])
* @see #activeCount()
* @see SecurityManager#checkAccess(ThreadGroup)
*/
public static int enumerate(Thread[] array)
{
return currentThread().group.enumerate(array);
}
/**
* Get this Thread's name.
*
* @return this Thread's name
*/
public final String getName()
{
return name;
}
/**
* Get this Thread's priority.
*
* @return the Thread's priority
*/
public final int getPriority()
{
return priority;
}
/**
* Get the ThreadGroup this Thread belongs to. If the thread has died, this
* returns null.
*
* @return this Thread's ThreadGroup
*/
public final ThreadGroup getThreadGroup()
{
return group;
}
/**
* Checks whether the current thread holds the monitor on a given object.
* This allows you to do assert Thread.holdsLock(obj).
*
* @param obj the object to test lock ownership on.
* @return true if the current thread is currently synchronized on obj
* @throws NullPointerException if obj is null
* @since 1.4
*/
public static native boolean holdsLock(Object obj);
/**
* Interrupt this Thread. First, there is a security check,
* checkAccess. Then, depending on the current state of the
* thread, various actions take place:
*
*
If the thread is waiting because of {@link #wait()}, * {@link #sleep(long)}, or {@link #join()}, its interrupt status * will be cleared, and an InterruptedException will be thrown. Notice that * this case is only possible if an external thread called interrupt(). * *
If the thread is blocked in an interruptible I/O operation, in * {@link java.nio.channels.InterruptibleChannel}, the interrupt * status will be set, and ClosedByInterruptException will be thrown. * *
If the thread is blocked on a {@link java.nio.channels.Selector}, the * interrupt status will be set, and the selection will return, with * a possible non-zero value, as though by the wakeup() method. * *
Otherwise, the interrupt status will be set. * * @throws SecurityException if you cannot modify this Thread */ public native void interrupt(); /** * Determine whether the current Thread has been interrupted, and clear * the interrupted status in the process. * * @return whether the current Thread has been interrupted * @see #isInterrupted() */ public static boolean interrupted() { return currentThread().isInterrupted(true); } /** * Determine whether the given Thread has been interrupted, but leave * the interrupted status alone in the process. * * @return whether the Thread has been interrupted * @see #interrupted() */ public boolean isInterrupted() { return interrupt_flag; } /** * Determine whether this Thread is alive. A thread which is alive has * started and not yet died. * * @return whether this Thread is alive */ public final native boolean isAlive(); /** * Tell whether this is a daemon Thread or not. * * @return whether this is a daemon Thread or not * @see #setDaemon(boolean) */ public final boolean isDaemon() { return daemon; } /** * Wait forever for the Thread in question to die. * * @throws InterruptedException if the Thread is interrupted; it's * interrupted status will be cleared */ public final void join() throws InterruptedException { join(0, 0); } /** * Wait the specified amount of time for the Thread in question to die. * * @param ms the number of milliseconds to wait, or 0 for forever * @throws InterruptedException if the Thread is interrupted; it's * interrupted status will be cleared */ public final void join(long ms) throws InterruptedException { join(ms, 0); } /** * Wait the specified amount of time for the Thread in question to die. * *
Note that 1,000,000 nanoseconds == 1 millisecond, but most VMs do
* not offer that fine a grain of timing resolution. Besides, there is
* no guarantee that this thread can start up immediately when time expires,
* because some other thread may be active. So don't expect real-time
* performance.
*
* @param ms the number of milliseconds to wait, or 0 for forever
* @param ns the number of extra nanoseconds to sleep (0-999999)
* @throws InterruptedException if the Thread is interrupted; it's
* interrupted status will be cleared
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if ns is invalid
* @XXX A ThreadListener would be nice, to make this efficient.
*/
public final native void join(long ms, int ns)
throws InterruptedException;
/**
* Resume this Thread. If the thread is not suspended, this method does
* nothing. To mirror suspend(), there may be a security check:
* checkAccess.
*
* @throws SecurityException if you cannot resume the Thread
* @see #checkAccess()
* @see #suspend()
* @deprecated pointless, since suspend is deprecated
*/
public final native void resume();
private final native void finish_();
/**
* Determine whether the given Thread has been interrupted, but leave
* the interrupted status alone in the process.
*
* @return whether the current Thread has been interrupted
* @see #interrupted()
*/
private boolean isInterrupted(boolean clear_flag)
{
boolean r = interrupt_flag;
if (clear_flag && r)
{
// Only clear the flag if we saw it as set. Otherwise this could
// potentially cause us to miss an interrupt in a race condition,
// because this method is not synchronized.
interrupt_flag = false;
}
return r;
}
/**
* The method of Thread that will be run if there is no Runnable object
* associated with the Thread. Thread's implementation does nothing at all.
*
* @see #start()
* @see #Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)
*/
public void run()
{
if (runnable != null)
runnable.run();
}
/**
* Set the daemon status of this Thread. If this is a daemon Thread, then
* the VM may exit even if it is still running. This may only be called
* before the Thread starts running. There may be a security check,
* checkAccess.
*
* @param daemon whether this should be a daemon thread or not
* @throws SecurityException if you cannot modify this Thread
* @throws IllegalThreadStateException if the Thread is active
* @see #isDaemon()
* @see #checkAccess()
*/
public final void setDaemon(boolean daemon)
{
if (!startable_flag)
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
checkAccess();
this.daemon = daemon;
}
/**
* Returns the context classloader of this Thread. The context
* classloader can be used by code that want to load classes depending
* on the current thread. Normally classes are loaded depending on
* the classloader of the current class. There may be a security check
* for RuntimePermission("getClassLoader") if the caller's
* class loader is not null or an ancestor of this thread's context class
* loader.
*
* @return the context class loader
* @throws SecurityException when permission is denied
* @see #setContextClassLoader(ClassLoader)
* @since 1.2
*/
public synchronized ClassLoader getContextClassLoader()
{
if (contextClassLoader == null)
contextClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
// Check if we may get the classloader
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (contextClassLoader != null && sm != null)
{
// Get the calling classloader
ClassLoader cl = VMStackWalker.getCallingClassLoader();
if (cl != null && !cl.isAncestorOf(contextClassLoader))
sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getClassLoader"));
}
return contextClassLoader;
}
/**
* Sets the context classloader for this Thread. When not explicitly set,
* the context classloader for a thread is the same as the context
* classloader of the thread that created this thread. The first thread has
* as context classloader the system classloader. There may be a security
* check for RuntimePermission("setContextClassLoader").
*
* @param classloader the new context class loader
* @throws SecurityException when permission is denied
* @see #getContextClassLoader()
* @since 1.2
*/
public synchronized void setContextClassLoader(ClassLoader classloader)
{
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null)
sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setContextClassLoader"));
this.contextClassLoader = classloader;
}
/**
* Set this Thread's name. There may be a security check,
* checkAccess.
*
* @param name the new name for this Thread
* @throws NullPointerException if name is null
* @throws SecurityException if you cannot modify this Thread
*/
public final void setName(String name)
{
checkAccess();
// The Class Libraries book says ``threadName cannot be null''. I
// take this to mean NullPointerException.
if (name == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.name = name;
}
/**
* Yield to another thread. The Thread will not lose any locks it holds
* during this time. There are no guarantees which thread will be
* next to run, and it could even be this one, but most VMs will choose
* the highest priority thread that has been waiting longest.
*/
public static native void yield();
/**
* Suspend the current Thread's execution for the specified amount of
* time. The Thread will not lose any locks it has during this time. There
* are no guarantees which thread will be next to run, but most VMs will
* choose the highest priority thread that has been waiting longest.
*
* @param ms the number of milliseconds to sleep, or 0 for forever
* @throws InterruptedException if the Thread is (or was) interrupted;
* it's interrupted status will be cleared
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if ms is negative
* @see #interrupt()
* @see #notify()
* @see #wait(long)
*/
public static void sleep(long ms) throws InterruptedException
{
sleep(ms, 0);
}
/**
* Suspend the current Thread's execution for the specified amount of
* time. The Thread will not lose any locks it has during this time. There
* are no guarantees which thread will be next to run, but most VMs will
* choose the highest priority thread that has been waiting longest.
*
* Note that 1,000,000 nanoseconds == 1 millisecond, but most VMs * do not offer that fine a grain of timing resolution. When ms is * zero and ns is non-zero the Thread will sleep for at least one * milli second. There is no guarantee that this thread can start up * immediately when time expires, because some other thread may be * active. So don't expect real-time performance. * * @param ms the number of milliseconds to sleep, or 0 for forever * @param ns the number of extra nanoseconds to sleep (0-999999) * @throws InterruptedException if the Thread is (or was) interrupted; * it's interrupted status will be cleared * @throws IllegalArgumentException if ms or ns is negative * or ns is larger than 999999. * @see #interrupt() * @see #notify() * @see #wait(long, int) */ public static native void sleep(long timeout, int nanos) throws InterruptedException; /** * Start this Thread, calling the run() method of the Runnable this Thread * was created with, or else the run() method of the Thread itself. This * is the only way to start a new thread; calling run by yourself will just * stay in the same thread. The virtual machine will remove the thread from * its thread group when the run() method completes. * * @throws IllegalThreadStateException if the thread has already started * @see #run() */ public native void start(); /** * Cause this Thread to stop abnormally because of the throw of a ThreadDeath * error. If you stop a Thread that has not yet started, it will stop * immediately when it is actually started. * *
This is inherently unsafe, as it can interrupt synchronized blocks and
* leave data in bad states. Hence, there is a security check:
* checkAccess(this), plus another one if the current thread
* is not this: RuntimePermission("stopThread"). If you must
* catch a ThreadDeath, be sure to rethrow it after you have cleaned up.
* ThreadDeath is the only exception which does not print a stack trace when
* the thread dies.
*
* @throws SecurityException if you cannot stop the Thread
* @see #interrupt()
* @see #checkAccess()
* @see #start()
* @see ThreadDeath
* @see ThreadGroup#uncaughtException(Thread, Throwable)
* @see SecurityManager#checkAccess(Thread)
* @see SecurityManager#checkPermission(Permission)
* @deprecated unsafe operation, try not to use
*/
public final void stop()
{
// Argument doesn't matter, because this is no longer
// supported.
stop(null);
}
/**
* Cause this Thread to stop abnormally and throw the specified exception.
* If you stop a Thread that has not yet started, the stop is ignored
* (contrary to what the JDK documentation says).
* WARNINGThis bypasses Java security, and can throw a checked
* exception which the call stack is unprepared to handle. Do not abuse
* this power.
*
*
This is inherently unsafe, as it can interrupt synchronized blocks and
* leave data in bad states. Hence, there is a security check:
* checkAccess(this), plus another one if the current thread
* is not this: RuntimePermission("stopThread"). If you must
* catch a ThreadDeath, be sure to rethrow it after you have cleaned up.
* ThreadDeath is the only exception which does not print a stack trace when
* the thread dies.
*
* @param t the Throwable to throw when the Thread dies
* @throws SecurityException if you cannot stop the Thread
* @throws NullPointerException in the calling thread, if t is null
* @see #interrupt()
* @see #checkAccess()
* @see #start()
* @see ThreadDeath
* @see ThreadGroup#uncaughtException(Thread, Throwable)
* @see SecurityManager#checkAccess(Thread)
* @see SecurityManager#checkPermission(Permission)
* @deprecated unsafe operation, try not to use
*/
public final native void stop(Throwable t);
/**
* Suspend this Thread. It will not come back, ever, unless it is resumed.
*
*
This is inherently unsafe, as the suspended thread still holds locks,
* and can potentially deadlock your program. Hence, there is a security
* check: checkAccess.
*
* @throws SecurityException if you cannot suspend the Thread
* @see #checkAccess()
* @see #resume()
* @deprecated unsafe operation, try not to use
*/
public final native void suspend();
/**
* Set this Thread's priority. There may be a security check,
* checkAccess, then the priority is set to the smaller of
* priority and the ThreadGroup maximum priority.
*
* @param priority the new priority for this Thread
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if priority exceeds MIN_PRIORITY or
* MAX_PRIORITY
* @throws SecurityException if you cannot modify this Thread
* @see #getPriority()
* @see #checkAccess()
* @see ThreadGroup#getMaxPriority()
* @see #MIN_PRIORITY
* @see #MAX_PRIORITY
*/
public final native void setPriority(int newPriority);
/**
* Returns a string representation of this thread, including the
* thread's name, priority, and thread group.
*
* @return a human-readable String representing this Thread
*/
public String toString()
{
return ("Thread[" + name + "," + priority + ","
+ (group == null ? "" : group.getName()) + "]");
}
private final native void initialize_native();
private final native static String gen_name();
/**
* Returns the map used by ThreadLocal to store the thread local values.
*/
static ThreadLocalMap getThreadLocals()
{
Thread thread = currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap locals = thread.locals;
return locals;
}
/**
* Assigns the given UncaughtExceptionHandler to this
* thread. This will then be called if the thread terminates due
* to an uncaught exception, pre-empting that of the
* ThreadGroup.
*
* @param h the handler to use for this thread.
* @throws SecurityException if the current thread can't modify this thread.
* @since 1.5
*/
public void setUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler h)
{
SecurityManager sm = SecurityManager.current; // Be thread-safe.
if (sm != null)
sm.checkAccess(this);
exceptionHandler = h;
}
/**
*
* Returns the handler used when this thread terminates due to an * uncaught exception. The handler used is determined by the following: *
*ThreadGroup
* object is returned.null is returned
* (which can only happen when the thread was terminated since
* then it won't have an associated thread group anymore).UncaughtExceptionHandler or
* null if one can't be obtained.
* @since 1.5
*/
public UncaughtExceptionHandler getUncaughtExceptionHandler()
{
// FIXME: if thread is dead, should return null...
return exceptionHandler != null ? exceptionHandler : group;
}
/**
*
* Sets the default uncaught exception handler used when one isn't
* provided by the thread or its associated ThreadGroup.
* This exception handler is used when the thread itself does not
* have an exception handler, and the thread's ThreadGroup
* does not override this default mechanism with its own. As the group
* calls this handler by default, this exception handler should not defer
* to that of the group, as it may lead to infinite recursion.
*
* Uncaught exception handlers are used when a thread terminates due to * an uncaught exception. Replacing this handler allows default code to * be put in place for all threads in order to handle this eventuality. *
* * @param h the new default uncaught exception handler to use. * @throws SecurityException if a security manager is present and * disallows the runtime permission * "setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler". * @since 1.5 */ public static void setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler h) { SecurityManager sm = SecurityManager.current; // Be thread-safe. if (sm != null) sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler")); defaultHandler = h; } /** * Returns the handler used by default when a thread terminates * unexpectedly due to an exception, ornull if one doesn't
* exist.
*
* @return the default uncaught exception handler.
* @since 1.5
*/
public static UncaughtExceptionHandler getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler()
{
return defaultHandler;
}
/**
* Returns the unique identifier for this thread. This ID is generated
* on thread creation, and may be re-used on its death.
*
* @return a positive long number representing the thread's ID.
* @since 1.5
*/
public long getId()
{
return threadId;
}
/**
*
* This interface is used to handle uncaught exceptions
* which cause a Thread to terminate. When
* a thread, t, is about to terminate due to an uncaught
* exception, the virtual machine looks for a class which
* implements this interface, in order to supply it with
* the dying thread and its uncaught exception.
*
* The virtual machine makes two attempts to find an * appropriate handler for the uncaught exception, in * the following order: *
*t.getUncaughtExceptionHandler() --
* the dying thread is queried first for a handler
* specific to that thread.
* t.getThreadGroup() --
* the thread group of the dying thread is used to
* handle the exception. If the thread group has
* no special requirements for handling the exception,
* it may simply forward it on to
* Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(),
* the default handler, which is used as a last resort.
* * The first handler found is the one used to handle * the uncaught exception. *
* * @author Tom Tromey* Represents the current state of a thread, according to the VM rather * than the operating system. It can be one of the following: *
** Returns a map of threads to stack traces for each * live thread. The keys of the map are {@link Thread} * objects, which map to arrays of {@link StackTraceElement}s. * The results obtained from Calling this method are * equivalent to calling {@link getStackTrace()} on each * thread in succession. Threads may be executing while * this takes place, and the results represent a snapshot * of the thread at the time its {@link getStackTrace()} * method is called. *
** The stack trace information contains the methods called * by the thread, with the most recent method forming the * first element in the array. The array will be empty * if the virtual machine can not obtain information on the * thread. *
*
* To execute this method, the current security manager
* (if one exists) must allow both the
* "getStackTrace" and
* "modifyThreadGroup" {@link RuntimePermission}s.
*
* Returns an array of {@link StackTraceElement}s * representing the current stack trace of this thread. * The first element of the array is the most recent * method called, and represents the top of the stack. * The elements continue in this order, with the last * element representing the bottom of the stack. *
** A zero element array is returned for threads which * have not yet started (and thus have not yet executed * any methods) or for those which have terminated. * Where the virtual machine can not obtain a trace for * the thread, an empty array is also returned. The * virtual machine may also omit some methods from the * trace in non-zero arrays. *
*
* To execute this method, the current security manager
* (if one exists) must allow both the
* "getStackTrace" and
* "modifyThreadGroup" {@link RuntimePermission}s.
*
"getStackTrace"
* permission.
* @since 1.5
* @see #getAllStackTraces()
*/
public StackTraceElement[] getStackTrace()
{
SecurityManager sm = SecurityManager.current; // Be thread-safe.
if (sm != null)
sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getStackTrace"));
// Calling java.lang.management via reflection means that
// javax.management be overridden in the endorsed directory.
// This is the equivalent code:
//
// ThreadMXBean bean = ManagementFactory.getThreadMXBean();
// ThreadInfo info = bean.getThreadInfo(getId(), Integer.MAX_VALUE);
// return info.getStackTrace();
try
{
try
{
Object bean
= (Class.forName("java.lang.management.ManagementFactory")
.getDeclaredMethod("getThreadMXBean")
.invoke(null));
Object info = bean.getClass()
.getDeclaredMethod("getThreadInfo", long.class, int.class)
.invoke(bean, new Long(getId()), new Integer(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
Object trace = info.getClass()
.getDeclaredMethod("getStackTrace").invoke(info);
return (StackTraceElement[])trace;
}
catch (InvocationTargetException e)
{
throw (Exception)e.getTargetException();
}
}
catch (UnsupportedOperationException e)
{
throw e;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new UnsupportedOperationException(e);
}
}
}