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imported gcc-4.6.4 source tree from verified upstream tarball.

downloading a git-generated archive based on the 'upstream' tag
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1 files changed, 2976 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/ext/rope b/libstdc++-v3/include/ext/rope
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84837ac8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/ext/rope
@@ -0,0 +1,2976 @@
+// SGI's rope class -*- C++ -*-
+
+// Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009,
+// 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
+// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
+// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
+// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
+// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1997
+ * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
+ * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
+ * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
+ * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
+ * in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
+ * representations about the suitability of this software for any
+ * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
+ */
+
+/** @file ext/rope
+ *  This file is a GNU extension to the Standard C++ Library (possibly
+ *  containing extensions from the HP/SGI STL subset). 
+ */
+
+#ifndef _ROPE
+#define _ROPE 1
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <bits/stl_construct.h>
+#include <bits/stl_uninitialized.h>
+#include <bits/stl_function.h>
+#include <bits/stl_numeric.h>
+#include <bits/allocator.h>
+#include <bits/gthr.h>
+#include <tr1/functional>
+
+# ifdef __GC
+#   define __GC_CONST const
+# else
+#   define __GC_CONST   // constant except for deallocation
+# endif
+
+#include <ext/memory> // For uninitialized_copy_n
+
+namespace __gnu_cxx _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
+{
+  namespace __detail
+  {
+    enum { _S_max_rope_depth = 45 };
+    enum _Tag {_S_leaf, _S_concat, _S_substringfn, _S_function};
+  } // namespace __detail
+
+  using std::size_t;
+  using std::ptrdiff_t;
+  using std::allocator;
+  using std::_Destroy;
+
+_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
+
+  // See libstdc++/36832.
+  template<typename _ForwardIterator, typename _Allocator>
+    void
+    _Destroy_const(_ForwardIterator __first,
+		   _ForwardIterator __last, _Allocator __alloc)
+    {
+      for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
+	__alloc.destroy(&*__first);
+    }
+
+  template<typename _ForwardIterator, typename _Tp>
+    inline void
+    _Destroy_const(_ForwardIterator __first,
+		   _ForwardIterator __last, allocator<_Tp>)
+    { _Destroy(__first, __last); }
+
+  // The _S_eos function is used for those functions that
+  // convert to/from C-like strings to detect the end of the string.
+  
+  // The end-of-C-string character.
+  // This is what the draft standard says it should be.
+  template <class _CharT>
+    inline _CharT
+    _S_eos(_CharT*)
+    { return _CharT(); }
+
+  // Test for basic character types.
+  // For basic character types leaves having a trailing eos.
+  template <class _CharT>
+    inline bool
+    _S_is_basic_char_type(_CharT*)
+    { return false; }
+  
+  template <class _CharT>
+    inline bool
+    _S_is_one_byte_char_type(_CharT*)
+    { return false; }
+
+  inline bool
+  _S_is_basic_char_type(char*)
+  { return true; }
+  
+  inline bool
+  _S_is_one_byte_char_type(char*)
+  { return true; }
+  
+  inline bool
+  _S_is_basic_char_type(wchar_t*)
+  { return true; }
+
+  // Store an eos iff _CharT is a basic character type.
+  // Do not reference _S_eos if it isn't.
+  template <class _CharT>
+    inline void
+    _S_cond_store_eos(_CharT&) { }
+
+  inline void
+  _S_cond_store_eos(char& __c)
+  { __c = 0; }
+
+  inline void
+  _S_cond_store_eos(wchar_t& __c)
+  { __c = 0; }
+
+  // char_producers are logically functions that generate a section of
+  // a string.  These can be converted to ropes.  The resulting rope
+  // invokes the char_producer on demand.  This allows, for example,
+  // files to be viewed as ropes without reading the entire file.
+  template <class _CharT>
+    class char_producer
+    {
+    public:
+      virtual ~char_producer() { };
+
+      virtual void
+      operator()(size_t __start_pos, size_t __len,
+		 _CharT* __buffer) = 0;
+      // Buffer should really be an arbitrary output iterator.
+      // That way we could flatten directly into an ostream, etc.
+      // This is thoroughly impossible, since iterator types don't
+      // have runtime descriptions.
+    };
+
+  // Sequence buffers:
+  //
+  // Sequence must provide an append operation that appends an
+  // array to the sequence.  Sequence buffers are useful only if
+  // appending an entire array is cheaper than appending element by element.
+  // This is true for many string representations.
+  // This should  perhaps inherit from ostream<sequence::value_type>
+  // and be implemented correspondingly, so that they can be used
+  // for formatted.  For the sake of portability, we don't do this yet.
+  //
+  // For now, sequence buffers behave as output iterators.  But they also
+  // behave a little like basic_ostringstream<sequence::value_type> and a
+  // little like containers.
+
+  template<class _Sequence, size_t _Buf_sz = 100>
+    class sequence_buffer
+    : public std::iterator<std::output_iterator_tag, void, void, void, void>
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef typename _Sequence::value_type value_type;
+    protected:
+      _Sequence* _M_prefix;
+      value_type _M_buffer[_Buf_sz];
+      size_t     _M_buf_count;
+    public:
+
+      void
+      flush()
+      {
+	_M_prefix->append(_M_buffer, _M_buffer + _M_buf_count);
+	_M_buf_count = 0;
+      }
+      
+      ~sequence_buffer()
+      { flush(); }
+      
+      sequence_buffer()
+      : _M_prefix(0), _M_buf_count(0) { }
+
+      sequence_buffer(const sequence_buffer& __x)
+      {
+	_M_prefix = __x._M_prefix;
+	_M_buf_count = __x._M_buf_count;
+	std::copy(__x._M_buffer, __x._M_buffer + __x._M_buf_count, _M_buffer);
+      }
+      
+      sequence_buffer(sequence_buffer& __x)
+      {
+	__x.flush();
+	_M_prefix = __x._M_prefix;
+	_M_buf_count = 0;
+      }
+      
+      sequence_buffer(_Sequence& __s)
+      : _M_prefix(&__s), _M_buf_count(0) { }
+      
+      sequence_buffer&
+      operator=(sequence_buffer& __x)
+      {
+	__x.flush();
+	_M_prefix = __x._M_prefix;
+	_M_buf_count = 0;
+	return *this;
+      }
+
+      sequence_buffer&
+      operator=(const sequence_buffer& __x)
+      {
+	_M_prefix = __x._M_prefix;
+	_M_buf_count = __x._M_buf_count;
+	std::copy(__x._M_buffer, __x._M_buffer + __x._M_buf_count, _M_buffer);
+	return *this;
+      }
+      
+      void
+      push_back(value_type __x)
+      {
+	if (_M_buf_count < _Buf_sz)
+	  {
+	    _M_buffer[_M_buf_count] = __x;
+	    ++_M_buf_count;
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    flush();
+	    _M_buffer[0] = __x;
+	    _M_buf_count = 1;
+	  }
+      }
+      
+      void
+      append(value_type* __s, size_t __len)
+      {
+	if (__len + _M_buf_count <= _Buf_sz)
+	  {
+	    size_t __i = _M_buf_count;
+	    for (size_t __j = 0; __j < __len; __i++, __j++)
+	      _M_buffer[__i] = __s[__j];
+	    _M_buf_count += __len;
+	  }
+	else if (0 == _M_buf_count)
+	  _M_prefix->append(__s, __s + __len);
+	else
+	  {
+	    flush();
+	    append(__s, __len);
+	  }
+      }
+
+      sequence_buffer&
+      write(value_type* __s, size_t __len)
+      {
+	append(__s, __len);
+	return *this;
+      }
+      
+      sequence_buffer&
+      put(value_type __x)
+      {
+	push_back(__x);
+	return *this;
+      }
+      
+      sequence_buffer&
+      operator=(const value_type& __rhs)
+      {
+	push_back(__rhs);
+	return *this;
+      }
+      
+      sequence_buffer&
+      operator*()
+      { return *this; }
+      
+      sequence_buffer&
+      operator++()
+      { return *this; }
+      
+      sequence_buffer
+      operator++(int)
+      { return *this; }
+    };
+  
+  // The following should be treated as private, at least for now.
+  template<class _CharT>
+    class _Rope_char_consumer
+    {
+    public:
+      // If we had member templates, these should not be virtual.
+      // For now we need to use run-time parametrization where
+      // compile-time would do.  Hence this should all be private
+      // for now.
+      // The symmetry with char_producer is accidental and temporary.
+      virtual ~_Rope_char_consumer() { };
+  
+      virtual bool
+      operator()(const _CharT* __buffer, size_t __len) = 0;
+    };
+  
+  // First a lot of forward declarations.  The standard seems to require
+  // much stricter "declaration before use" than many of the implementations
+  // that preceded it.
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc = allocator<_CharT> >
+    class rope;
+  
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    struct _Rope_RopeConcatenation;
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    struct _Rope_RopeLeaf;
+  
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    struct _Rope_RopeFunction;
+  
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    struct _Rope_RopeSubstring;
+  
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    class _Rope_iterator;
+  
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    class _Rope_const_iterator;
+  
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    class _Rope_char_ref_proxy;
+  
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    class _Rope_char_ptr_proxy;
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    bool
+    operator==(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	      ptrdiff_t __n);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	      ptrdiff_t __n);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(ptrdiff_t __n,
+	      const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    bool
+    operator==(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    bool
+    operator<(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	      const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
+  
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    ptrdiff_t
+    operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	      const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(ptrdiff_t __n, const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    bool
+    operator==(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    bool
+    operator<(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    ptrdiff_t
+    operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
+	      const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left, const _CharT* __right);
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left, _CharT __right);
+
+  // Some helpers, so we can use power on ropes.
+  // See below for why this isn't local to the implementation.
+  
+  // This uses a nonstandard refcount convention.
+  // The result has refcount 0.
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    struct _Rope_Concat_fn
+    : public std::binary_function<rope<_CharT, _Alloc>, rope<_CharT, _Alloc>,
+				  rope<_CharT, _Alloc> >
+    {
+      rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
+      operator()(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+		 const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+      { return __x + __y; }
+    };
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    identity_element(_Rope_Concat_fn<_CharT, _Alloc>)
+    { return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(); }
+
+  static inline void
+  __copy_gthr_mutex(__gthread_mutex_t& __to, const __gthread_mutex_t& __from)
+  {
+#if defined __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ \
+  && defined _GLIBCXX_GTHREADS_NO_COPY_ASSIGN_IN_CXX11
+    __builtin_memcpy(&__to, &__from, sizeof(__to));
+#else
+    __to = __from;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // Class _Refcount_Base provides a type, _RC_t, a data member,
+  // _M_ref_count, and member functions _M_incr and _M_decr, which perform
+  // atomic preincrement/predecrement.  The constructor initializes
+  // _M_ref_count.
+  struct _Refcount_Base
+  {
+    // The type _RC_t
+    typedef size_t _RC_t;
+    
+    // The data member _M_ref_count
+    volatile _RC_t _M_ref_count;
+
+    // Constructor
+    __gthread_mutex_t _M_ref_count_lock;
+
+    _Refcount_Base(_RC_t __n) : _M_ref_count(__n), _M_ref_count_lock()
+    {
+#ifdef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
+      __gthread_mutex_t __tmp = __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT;
+      __copy_gthr_mutex(_M_ref_count_lock, __tmp);
+#elif defined(__GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION)
+      __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION (&_M_ref_count_lock);
+#else
+#error __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT or __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION should be defined by gthr.h abstraction layer, report problem to libstdc++@gcc.gnu.org.
+#endif
+    }
+
+    void
+    _M_incr()
+    {
+      __gthread_mutex_lock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
+      ++_M_ref_count;
+      __gthread_mutex_unlock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
+    }
+
+    _RC_t
+    _M_decr()
+    {
+      __gthread_mutex_lock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
+      volatile _RC_t __tmp = --_M_ref_count;
+      __gthread_mutex_unlock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
+      return __tmp;
+    }
+  };
+
+  //
+  // What follows should really be local to rope.  Unfortunately,
+  // that doesn't work, since it makes it impossible to define generic
+  // equality on rope iterators.  According to the draft standard, the
+  // template parameters for such an equality operator cannot be inferred
+  // from the occurrence of a member class as a parameter.
+  // (SGI compilers in fact allow this, but the __result wouldn't be
+  // portable.)
+  // Similarly, some of the static member functions are member functions
+  // only to avoid polluting the global namespace, and to circumvent
+  // restrictions on type inference for template functions.
+  //
+
+  //
+  // The internal data structure for representing a rope.  This is
+  // private to the implementation.  A rope is really just a pointer
+  // to one of these.
+  //
+  // A few basic functions for manipulating this data structure
+  // are members of _RopeRep.  Most of the more complex algorithms
+  // are implemented as rope members.
+  //
+  // Some of the static member functions of _RopeRep have identically
+  // named functions in rope that simply invoke the _RopeRep versions.
+
+#define __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOCS(__a) \
+        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(_CharT,_Data) /* character data */ \
+        typedef _Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT,__a> __C; \
+        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(__C,_C) \
+        typedef _Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT,__a> __L; \
+        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(__L,_L) \
+        typedef _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT,__a> __F; \
+        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(__F,_F) \
+        typedef _Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT,__a> __S; \
+        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(__S,_S)
+
+  //  Internal rope nodes potentially store a copy of the allocator
+  //  instance used to allocate them.  This is mostly redundant.
+  //  But the alternative would be to pass allocator instances around
+  //  in some form to nearly all internal functions, since any pointer
+  //  assignment may result in a zero reference count and thus require
+  //  deallocation.
+
+#define __STATIC_IF_SGI_ALLOC  /* not static */
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    struct _Rope_rep_base
+    : public _Alloc
+    {
+      typedef _Alloc allocator_type;
+
+      allocator_type
+      get_allocator() const
+      { return *static_cast<const _Alloc*>(this); }
+
+      allocator_type&
+      _M_get_allocator()
+      { return *static_cast<_Alloc*>(this); }
+
+      const allocator_type&
+      _M_get_allocator() const
+      { return *static_cast<const _Alloc*>(this); }
+
+      _Rope_rep_base(size_t __size, const allocator_type&)
+      : _M_size(__size) { }
+
+      size_t _M_size;
+
+# define __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(_Tp, __name) \
+        typedef typename \
+          _Alloc::template rebind<_Tp>::other __name##Alloc; \
+        static _Tp* __name##_allocate(size_t __n) \
+          { return __name##Alloc().allocate(__n); } \
+        static void __name##_deallocate(_Tp *__p, size_t __n) \
+          { __name##Alloc().deallocate(__p, __n); }
+      __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOCS(_Alloc)
+# undef __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC
+    };
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    struct _Rope_RopeRep
+    : public _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>
+# ifndef __GC
+	     , _Refcount_Base
+# endif
+    {
+    public:
+      __detail::_Tag _M_tag:8;
+      bool _M_is_balanced:8;
+      unsigned char _M_depth;
+      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_c_string;
+      __gthread_mutex_t _M_c_string_lock;
+                        /* Flattened version of string, if needed.  */
+                        /* typically 0.                             */
+                        /* If it's not 0, then the memory is owned  */
+                        /* by this node.                            */
+                        /* In the case of a leaf, this may point to */
+                        /* the same memory as the data field.       */
+      typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::allocator_type
+        allocator_type;
+
+      using _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::get_allocator;
+      using _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::_M_get_allocator;
+
+      _Rope_RopeRep(__detail::_Tag __t, int __d, bool __b, size_t __size,
+		    const allocator_type& __a)
+      : _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(__size, __a),
+#ifndef __GC
+	_Refcount_Base(1),
+#endif
+	_M_tag(__t), _M_is_balanced(__b), _M_depth(__d), _M_c_string(0)
+#ifdef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
+    {
+      // Do not copy a POSIX/gthr mutex once in use.  However, bits are bits.
+      __gthread_mutex_t __tmp = __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT;
+      __copy_gthr_mutex(_M_c_string_lock, __tmp);
+    }
+#else
+    { __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION (&_M_c_string_lock); }
+#endif
+#ifdef __GC
+      void
+      _M_incr () { }
+#endif
+      static void
+      _S_free_string(__GC_CONST _CharT*, size_t __len,
+		     allocator_type& __a);
+#define __STL_FREE_STRING(__s, __l, __a) _S_free_string(__s, __l, __a);
+                        // Deallocate data section of a leaf.
+                        // This shouldn't be a member function.
+                        // But its hard to do anything else at the
+                        // moment, because it's templatized w.r.t.
+                        // an allocator.
+                        // Does nothing if __GC is defined.
+#ifndef __GC
+      void _M_free_c_string();
+      void _M_free_tree();
+      // Deallocate t. Assumes t is not 0.
+      void
+      _M_unref_nonnil()
+      {
+	if (0 == _M_decr())
+	  _M_free_tree();
+      }
+
+      void
+      _M_ref_nonnil()
+      { _M_incr(); }
+
+      static void
+      _S_unref(_Rope_RopeRep* __t)
+      {
+	if (0 != __t)
+	  __t->_M_unref_nonnil();
+      }
+
+      static void
+      _S_ref(_Rope_RopeRep* __t)
+      {
+	if (0 != __t)
+	  __t->_M_incr();
+      }
+      
+      static void
+      _S_free_if_unref(_Rope_RopeRep* __t)
+      {
+	if (0 != __t && 0 == __t->_M_ref_count)
+	  __t->_M_free_tree();
+      }
+#   else /* __GC */
+      void _M_unref_nonnil() { }
+      void _M_ref_nonnil() { }
+      static void _S_unref(_Rope_RopeRep*) { }
+      static void _S_ref(_Rope_RopeRep*) { }
+      static void _S_free_if_unref(_Rope_RopeRep*) { }
+#   endif
+protected:
+      _Rope_RopeRep&
+      operator=(const _Rope_RopeRep&);
+
+      _Rope_RopeRep(const _Rope_RopeRep&);
+    };
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    struct _Rope_RopeLeaf
+    : public _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    {
+    public:
+      // Apparently needed by VC++
+      // The data fields of leaves are allocated with some
+      // extra space, to accommodate future growth and for basic
+      // character types, to hold a trailing eos character.
+      enum { _S_alloc_granularity = 8 };
+      
+      static size_t
+      _S_rounded_up_size(size_t __n)
+      {
+        size_t __size_with_eos;
+	
+        if (_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT*)0))
+	  __size_with_eos = __n + 1;
+	else
+	  __size_with_eos = __n;
+#ifdef __GC
+	return __size_with_eos;
+#else
+	// Allow slop for in-place expansion.
+	return ((__size_with_eos + size_t(_S_alloc_granularity) - 1)
+		&~ (size_t(_S_alloc_granularity) - 1));
+#endif
+      }
+      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_data; /* Not necessarily 0 terminated. */
+                                  /* The allocated size is         */
+                                  /* _S_rounded_up_size(size), except */
+                                  /* in the GC case, in which it   */
+                                  /* doesn't matter.               */
+      typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT,_Alloc>::allocator_type
+        allocator_type;
+
+      _Rope_RopeLeaf(__GC_CONST _CharT* __d, size_t __size,
+		     const allocator_type& __a)
+      : _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>(__detail::_S_leaf, 0, true,
+				      __size, __a), _M_data(__d)
+      {
+        if (_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT *)0))
+	  {
+            // already eos terminated.
+            this->_M_c_string = __d;
+	  }
+      }
+      // The constructor assumes that d has been allocated with
+      // the proper allocator and the properly padded size.
+      // In contrast, the destructor deallocates the data:
+#ifndef __GC
+      ~_Rope_RopeLeaf() throw()
+      {
+        if (_M_data != this->_M_c_string)
+	  this->_M_free_c_string();
+	
+        __STL_FREE_STRING(_M_data, this->_M_size, this->_M_get_allocator());
+      }
+#endif
+protected:
+      _Rope_RopeLeaf&
+      operator=(const _Rope_RopeLeaf&);
+
+      _Rope_RopeLeaf(const _Rope_RopeLeaf&);
+    };
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    struct _Rope_RopeConcatenation
+    : public _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    {
+    public:
+      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _M_left;
+      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _M_right;
+
+      typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::allocator_type
+        allocator_type;
+
+      _Rope_RopeConcatenation(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __l,
+			      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __r,
+			      const allocator_type& __a)
+	: _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>(__detail::_S_concat,
+				      std::max(__l->_M_depth,
+					       __r->_M_depth) + 1,
+				      false,
+				      __l->_M_size + __r->_M_size, __a),
+        _M_left(__l), _M_right(__r)
+      { }
+#ifndef __GC
+      ~_Rope_RopeConcatenation() throw()
+      {
+	this->_M_free_c_string();
+	_M_left->_M_unref_nonnil();
+	_M_right->_M_unref_nonnil();
+      }
+#endif
+protected:
+      _Rope_RopeConcatenation&
+      operator=(const _Rope_RopeConcatenation&);
+      
+      _Rope_RopeConcatenation(const _Rope_RopeConcatenation&);
+    };
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    struct _Rope_RopeFunction
+    : public _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    {
+    public:
+      char_producer<_CharT>* _M_fn;
+#ifndef __GC
+      bool _M_delete_when_done; // Char_producer is owned by the
+                                // rope and should be explicitly
+                                // deleted when the rope becomes
+                                // inaccessible.
+#else
+      // In the GC case, we either register the rope for
+      // finalization, or not.  Thus the field is unnecessary;
+      // the information is stored in the collector data structures.
+      // We do need a finalization procedure to be invoked by the
+      // collector.
+      static void
+      _S_fn_finalization_proc(void * __tree, void *)
+      { delete ((_Rope_RopeFunction *)__tree) -> _M_fn; }
+#endif
+    typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::allocator_type
+      allocator_type;
+
+      _Rope_RopeFunction(char_producer<_CharT>* __f, size_t __size,
+                        bool __d, const allocator_type& __a)
+      : _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>(__detail::_S_function, 0, true, __size, __a)
+	, _M_fn(__f)
+#ifndef __GC
+	, _M_delete_when_done(__d)
+#endif
+      {
+#ifdef __GC
+	if (__d)
+	  {
+	    GC_REGISTER_FINALIZER(this, _Rope_RopeFunction::
+				  _S_fn_finalization_proc, 0, 0, 0);
+	  }
+#endif
+      }
+#ifndef __GC
+      ~_Rope_RopeFunction() throw()
+      {
+	this->_M_free_c_string();
+	if (_M_delete_when_done)
+	  delete _M_fn;
+      }
+# endif
+    protected:
+      _Rope_RopeFunction&
+      operator=(const _Rope_RopeFunction&);
+
+      _Rope_RopeFunction(const _Rope_RopeFunction&);
+    };
+  // Substring results are usually represented using just
+  // concatenation nodes.  But in the case of very long flat ropes
+  // or ropes with a functional representation that isn't practical.
+  // In that case, we represent the __result as a special case of
+  // RopeFunction, whose char_producer points back to the rope itself.
+  // In all cases except repeated substring operations and
+  // deallocation, we treat the __result as a RopeFunction.
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    struct _Rope_RopeSubstring
+    : public _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>,
+      public char_producer<_CharT>
+    {
+    public:
+      // XXX this whole class should be rewritten.
+      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT,_Alloc>* _M_base;      // not 0
+      size_t _M_start;
+
+      virtual void
+      operator()(size_t __start_pos, size_t __req_len,
+		 _CharT* __buffer)
+      {
+        switch(_M_base->_M_tag)
+	  {
+	  case __detail::_S_function:
+	  case __detail::_S_substringfn:
+	    {
+	      char_producer<_CharT>* __fn =
+		((_Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT,_Alloc>*)_M_base)->_M_fn;
+	      (*__fn)(__start_pos + _M_start, __req_len, __buffer);
+	    }
+	    break;
+	  case __detail::_S_leaf:
+	    {
+	      __GC_CONST _CharT* __s =
+		((_Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT,_Alloc>*)_M_base)->_M_data;
+	      uninitialized_copy_n(__s + __start_pos + _M_start, __req_len,
+				   __buffer);
+	    }
+	    break;
+	  default:
+	    break;
+	  }
+      }
+      
+      typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::allocator_type
+        allocator_type;
+
+      _Rope_RopeSubstring(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __b, size_t __s,
+                          size_t __l, const allocator_type& __a)
+      : _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>(this, __l, false, __a),
+        char_producer<_CharT>(), _M_base(__b), _M_start(__s)
+      {
+#ifndef __GC
+	_M_base->_M_ref_nonnil();
+#endif
+        this->_M_tag = __detail::_S_substringfn;
+      }
+    virtual ~_Rope_RopeSubstring() throw()
+      {
+#ifndef __GC
+	_M_base->_M_unref_nonnil();
+	// _M_free_c_string();  -- done by parent class
+#endif
+      }
+    };
+
+  // Self-destructing pointers to Rope_rep.
+  // These are not conventional smart pointers.  Their
+  // only purpose in life is to ensure that unref is called
+  // on the pointer either at normal exit or if an exception
+  // is raised.  It is the caller's responsibility to
+  // adjust reference counts when these pointers are initialized
+  // or assigned to.  (This convention significantly reduces
+  // the number of potentially expensive reference count
+  // updates.)
+#ifndef __GC
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    struct _Rope_self_destruct_ptr
+    {
+      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _M_ptr;
+
+      ~_Rope_self_destruct_ptr()
+      { _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::_S_unref(_M_ptr); }
+#ifdef __EXCEPTIONS
+      _Rope_self_destruct_ptr() : _M_ptr(0) { };
+#else
+      _Rope_self_destruct_ptr() { };
+#endif
+      _Rope_self_destruct_ptr(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __p)
+      : _M_ptr(__p) { }
+    
+      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>&
+      operator*()
+      { return *_M_ptr; }
+    
+      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>*
+      operator->()
+      { return _M_ptr; }
+    
+      operator _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>*()
+      { return _M_ptr; }
+    
+      _Rope_self_destruct_ptr&
+      operator=(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __x)
+      { _M_ptr = __x; return *this; }
+    };
+#endif
+
+  // Dereferencing a nonconst iterator has to return something
+  // that behaves almost like a reference.  It's not possible to
+  // return an actual reference since assignment requires extra
+  // work.  And we would get into the same problems as with the
+  // CD2 version of basic_string.
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    class _Rope_char_ref_proxy
+    {
+      friend class rope<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+      friend class _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+      friend class _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+#ifdef __GC
+      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _Self_destruct_ptr;
+#else
+      typedef _Rope_self_destruct_ptr<_CharT, _Alloc> _Self_destruct_ptr;
+#endif
+      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
+      typedef rope<_CharT, _Alloc> _My_rope;
+      size_t _M_pos;
+      _CharT _M_current;
+      bool _M_current_valid;
+      _My_rope* _M_root;     // The whole rope.
+    public:
+      _Rope_char_ref_proxy(_My_rope* __r, size_t __p)
+      :  _M_pos(__p), _M_current(), _M_current_valid(false), _M_root(__r) { }
+
+      _Rope_char_ref_proxy(const _Rope_char_ref_proxy& __x)
+      : _M_pos(__x._M_pos), _M_current(__x._M_current), 
+	_M_current_valid(false), _M_root(__x._M_root) { }
+
+      // Don't preserve cache if the reference can outlive the
+      // expression.  We claim that's not possible without calling
+      // a copy constructor or generating reference to a proxy
+      // reference.  We declare the latter to have undefined semantics.
+      _Rope_char_ref_proxy(_My_rope* __r, size_t __p, _CharT __c)
+      : _M_pos(__p), _M_current(__c), _M_current_valid(true), _M_root(__r) { }
+
+      inline operator _CharT () const;
+
+      _Rope_char_ref_proxy&
+      operator=(_CharT __c);
+    
+      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc> operator&() const;
+      
+      _Rope_char_ref_proxy&
+      operator=(const _Rope_char_ref_proxy& __c)
+      { return operator=((_CharT)__c); }
+    };
+
+  template<class _CharT, class __Alloc>
+    inline void
+    swap(_Rope_char_ref_proxy <_CharT, __Alloc > __a,
+	 _Rope_char_ref_proxy <_CharT, __Alloc > __b)
+    {
+      _CharT __tmp = __a;
+      __a = __b;
+      __b = __tmp;
+    }
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    class _Rope_char_ptr_proxy
+    {
+      // XXX this class should be rewritten.
+      friend class _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+      size_t _M_pos;
+      rope<_CharT,_Alloc>* _M_root;     // The whole rope.
+    public:
+      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy(const _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT,_Alloc>& __x)
+      : _M_pos(__x._M_pos), _M_root(__x._M_root) { }
+
+      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy& __x)
+      : _M_pos(__x._M_pos), _M_root(__x._M_root) { }
+
+      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy() { }
+      
+      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy(_CharT* __x)
+      : _M_root(0), _M_pos(0) { }
+
+      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy&
+      operator=(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy& __x)
+      {
+        _M_pos = __x._M_pos;
+        _M_root = __x._M_root;
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend bool
+        operator==(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
+		   const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
+
+      _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc> operator*() const
+      { return _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(_M_root, _M_pos); }
+    };
+
+  // Rope iterators:
+  // Unlike in the C version, we cache only part of the stack
+  // for rope iterators, since they must be efficiently copyable.
+  // When we run out of cache, we have to reconstruct the iterator
+  // value.
+  // Pointers from iterators are not included in reference counts.
+  // Iterators are assumed to be thread private.  Ropes can
+  // be shared.
+  
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    class _Rope_iterator_base
+    : public std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, _CharT>
+    {
+      friend class rope<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+    public:
+      typedef _Alloc _allocator_type; // used in _Rope_rotate, VC++ workaround
+      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
+      // Borland doesn't want this to be protected.
+    protected:
+      enum { _S_path_cache_len = 4 }; // Must be <= 9.
+      enum { _S_iterator_buf_len = 15 };
+      size_t _M_current_pos;
+      _RopeRep* _M_root;     // The whole rope.
+      size_t _M_leaf_pos;    // Starting position for current leaf
+      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_buf_start;
+                             // Buffer possibly
+                             // containing current char.
+      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_buf_ptr;
+                             // Pointer to current char in buffer.
+                             // != 0 ==> buffer valid.
+      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_buf_end;
+                             // One past __last valid char in buffer.
+      // What follows is the path cache.  We go out of our
+      // way to make this compact.
+      // Path_end contains the bottom section of the path from
+      // the root to the current leaf.
+      const _RopeRep* _M_path_end[_S_path_cache_len];
+      int _M_leaf_index;     // Last valid __pos in path_end;
+                             // _M_path_end[0] ... _M_path_end[leaf_index-1]
+                             // point to concatenation nodes.
+      unsigned char _M_path_directions;
+                          // (path_directions >> __i) & 1 is 1
+                          // iff we got from _M_path_end[leaf_index - __i - 1]
+                          // to _M_path_end[leaf_index - __i] by going to the
+                          // __right. Assumes path_cache_len <= 9.
+      _CharT _M_tmp_buf[_S_iterator_buf_len];
+                        // Short buffer for surrounding chars.
+                        // This is useful primarily for
+                        // RopeFunctions.  We put the buffer
+                        // here to avoid locking in the
+                        // multithreaded case.
+      // The cached path is generally assumed to be valid
+      // only if the buffer is valid.
+      static void _S_setbuf(_Rope_iterator_base& __x);
+                                        // Set buffer contents given
+                                        // path cache.
+      static void _S_setcache(_Rope_iterator_base& __x);
+                                        // Set buffer contents and
+                                        // path cache.
+      static void _S_setcache_for_incr(_Rope_iterator_base& __x);
+                                        // As above, but assumes path
+                                        // cache is valid for previous posn.
+      _Rope_iterator_base() { }
+
+      _Rope_iterator_base(_RopeRep* __root, size_t __pos)
+      : _M_current_pos(__pos), _M_root(__root), _M_buf_ptr(0) { }
+
+      void _M_incr(size_t __n);
+      void _M_decr(size_t __n);
+    public:
+      size_t
+      index() const
+      { return _M_current_pos; }
+    
+      _Rope_iterator_base(const _Rope_iterator_base& __x)
+      {
+        if (0 != __x._M_buf_ptr)
+	  *this = __x;
+	else
+	  {
+            _M_current_pos = __x._M_current_pos;
+            _M_root = __x._M_root;
+            _M_buf_ptr = 0;
+	  }
+      }
+    };
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    class _Rope_iterator;
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    class _Rope_const_iterator
+    : public _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    {
+      friend class rope<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+    protected:
+      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
+      // The one from the base class may not be directly visible.
+      _Rope_const_iterator(const _RopeRep* __root, size_t __pos)
+      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(const_cast<_RopeRep*>(__root),
+					    __pos)
+                   // Only nonconst iterators modify root ref count
+      { }
+  public:
+      typedef _CharT reference;   // Really a value.  Returning a reference
+                                  // Would be a mess, since it would have
+                                  // to be included in refcount.
+      typedef const _CharT* pointer;
+
+    public:
+      _Rope_const_iterator() { };
+
+      _Rope_const_iterator(const _Rope_const_iterator& __x)
+      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT,_Alloc>(__x) { }
+
+      _Rope_const_iterator(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>& __x);
+    
+      _Rope_const_iterator(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r, size_t __pos)
+      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT,_Alloc>(__r._M_tree_ptr, __pos) { }
+
+      _Rope_const_iterator&
+      operator=(const _Rope_const_iterator& __x)
+      {
+        if (0 != __x._M_buf_ptr)
+	  *(static_cast<_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>*>(this)) = __x;
+	else
+	  {
+            this->_M_current_pos = __x._M_current_pos;
+            this->_M_root = __x._M_root;
+            this->_M_buf_ptr = 0;
+	  }
+        return(*this);
+      }
+
+      reference
+      operator*()
+      {
+        if (0 == this->_M_buf_ptr)
+	  _S_setcache(*this);
+        return *this->_M_buf_ptr;
+      }
+
+      // Without this const version, Rope iterators do not meet the
+      // requirements of an Input Iterator.
+      reference
+      operator*() const
+      {
+	return *const_cast<_Rope_const_iterator&>(*this);
+      }
+
+      _Rope_const_iterator&
+      operator++()
+      {
+        __GC_CONST _CharT* __next;
+        if (0 != this->_M_buf_ptr
+	    && (__next = this->_M_buf_ptr + 1) < this->_M_buf_end)
+	  {
+            this->_M_buf_ptr = __next;
+            ++this->_M_current_pos;
+	  }
+	else
+	  this->_M_incr(1);
+	return *this;
+      }
+
+      _Rope_const_iterator&
+      operator+=(ptrdiff_t __n)
+      {
+        if (__n >= 0)
+	  this->_M_incr(__n);
+	else
+	  this->_M_decr(-__n);
+	return *this;
+      }
+
+      _Rope_const_iterator&
+      operator--()
+      {
+        this->_M_decr(1);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      _Rope_const_iterator&
+      operator-=(ptrdiff_t __n)
+      {
+        if (__n >= 0)
+	  this->_M_decr(__n);
+	else
+	  this->_M_incr(-__n);
+	return *this;
+      }
+
+      _Rope_const_iterator
+      operator++(int)
+      {
+        size_t __old_pos = this->_M_current_pos;
+        this->_M_incr(1);
+        return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>(this->_M_root, __old_pos);
+        // This makes a subsequent dereference expensive.
+        // Perhaps we should instead copy the iterator
+        // if it has a valid cache?
+      }
+
+      _Rope_const_iterator
+      operator--(int)
+      {
+        size_t __old_pos = this->_M_current_pos;
+        this->_M_decr(1);
+        return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>(this->_M_root, __old_pos);
+      }
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
+        operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
+		  ptrdiff_t __n);
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
+        operator+(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
+		  ptrdiff_t __n);
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
+        operator+(ptrdiff_t __n,
+		  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x);
+
+      reference
+      operator[](size_t __n)
+      { return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_S_fetch(this->_M_root,
+					      this->_M_current_pos + __n); }
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend bool
+        operator==(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
+		   const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend bool
+        operator<(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
+		  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend ptrdiff_t
+        operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
+		  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
+    };
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    class _Rope_iterator
+    : public _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    {
+      friend class rope<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+    protected:
+      typedef typename _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep _RopeRep;
+      rope<_CharT, _Alloc>* _M_root_rope;
+
+      // root is treated as a cached version of this, and is used to
+      // detect changes to the underlying rope.
+
+      // Root is included in the reference count.  This is necessary
+      // so that we can detect changes reliably.  Unfortunately, it
+      // requires careful bookkeeping for the nonGC case.
+      _Rope_iterator(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>* __r, size_t __pos)
+      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(__r->_M_tree_ptr, __pos),
+        _M_root_rope(__r)
+      { _RopeRep::_S_ref(this->_M_root);
+        if (!(__r -> empty()))
+	  _S_setcache(*this);
+      }
+
+      void _M_check();
+    public:
+      typedef _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>  reference;
+      typedef _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>* pointer;
+
+      rope<_CharT, _Alloc>&
+      container()
+      { return *_M_root_rope; }
+
+      _Rope_iterator()
+      {
+        this->_M_root = 0;  // Needed for reference counting.
+      };
+
+      _Rope_iterator(const _Rope_iterator& __x)
+      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x)
+      {
+        _M_root_rope = __x._M_root_rope;
+        _RopeRep::_S_ref(this->_M_root);
+      }
+
+      _Rope_iterator(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r, size_t __pos);
+
+      ~_Rope_iterator()
+      { _RopeRep::_S_unref(this->_M_root); }
+
+      _Rope_iterator&
+      operator=(const _Rope_iterator& __x)
+      {
+        _RopeRep* __old = this->_M_root;
+	
+        _RopeRep::_S_ref(__x._M_root);
+        if (0 != __x._M_buf_ptr)
+	  {
+            _M_root_rope = __x._M_root_rope;
+            *(static_cast<_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>*>(this)) = __x;
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    this->_M_current_pos = __x._M_current_pos;
+            this->_M_root = __x._M_root;
+            _M_root_rope = __x._M_root_rope;
+            this->_M_buf_ptr = 0;
+	  }
+        _RopeRep::_S_unref(__old);
+        return(*this);
+      }
+
+      reference
+      operator*()
+      {
+        _M_check();
+        if (0 == this->_M_buf_ptr)
+	  return _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(_M_root_rope,
+						      this->_M_current_pos);
+	else
+	  return _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(_M_root_rope,
+						      this->_M_current_pos,
+						      *this->_M_buf_ptr);
+      }
+
+      // See above comment.
+      reference
+      operator*() const
+      {
+	return *const_cast<_Rope_iterator&>(*this);
+      }
+
+      _Rope_iterator&
+      operator++()
+      {
+        this->_M_incr(1);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      _Rope_iterator&
+      operator+=(ptrdiff_t __n)
+      {
+        if (__n >= 0)
+	  this->_M_incr(__n);
+	else
+	  this->_M_decr(-__n);
+	return *this;
+      }
+
+      _Rope_iterator&
+      operator--()
+      {
+        this->_M_decr(1);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      _Rope_iterator&
+      operator-=(ptrdiff_t __n)
+      {
+        if (__n >= 0)
+	  this->_M_decr(__n);
+	else
+	  this->_M_incr(-__n);
+	return *this;
+      }
+
+      _Rope_iterator
+      operator++(int)
+      {
+        size_t __old_pos = this->_M_current_pos;
+        this->_M_incr(1);
+        return _Rope_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>(_M_root_rope, __old_pos);
+      }
+
+      _Rope_iterator
+      operator--(int)
+      {
+        size_t __old_pos = this->_M_current_pos;
+        this->_M_decr(1);
+        return _Rope_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>(_M_root_rope, __old_pos);
+      }
+
+      reference
+      operator[](ptrdiff_t __n)
+      { return _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(_M_root_rope,
+						    this->_M_current_pos
+						    + __n); }
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend bool
+        operator==(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
+		   const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend bool
+        operator<(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
+		  const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend ptrdiff_t
+        operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
+		  const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
+        operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n);
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
+        operator+(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n);
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
+        operator+(ptrdiff_t __n, const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x);
+    };
+
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    struct _Rope_base
+    : public _Alloc
+    {
+      typedef _Alloc allocator_type;
+
+      allocator_type
+      get_allocator() const
+      { return *static_cast<const _Alloc*>(this); }
+
+      allocator_type&
+      _M_get_allocator()
+      { return *static_cast<_Alloc*>(this); }
+
+      const allocator_type&
+      _M_get_allocator() const
+      { return *static_cast<const _Alloc*>(this); }
+
+      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
+      // The one in _Base may not be visible due to template rules.
+
+      _Rope_base(_RopeRep* __t, const allocator_type&)
+      : _M_tree_ptr(__t) { }
+
+      _Rope_base(const allocator_type&) { }
+
+      // The only data member of a rope:
+      _RopeRep *_M_tree_ptr;
+
+#define __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(_Tp, __name) \
+        typedef typename \
+          _Alloc::template rebind<_Tp>::other __name##Alloc; \
+        static _Tp* __name##_allocate(size_t __n) \
+          { return __name##Alloc().allocate(__n); } \
+        static void __name##_deallocate(_Tp *__p, size_t __n) \
+          { __name##Alloc().deallocate(__p, __n); }
+      __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOCS(_Alloc)
+#undef __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC
+
+	protected:
+      _Rope_base&
+      operator=(const _Rope_base&);
+      
+      _Rope_base(const _Rope_base&);
+    };
+
+  /**
+   *  This is an SGI extension.
+   *  @ingroup SGIextensions
+   *  @doctodo
+   */
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    class rope : public _Rope_base<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef _CharT value_type;
+      typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+      typedef size_t size_type;
+      typedef _CharT const_reference;
+      typedef const _CharT* const_pointer;
+      typedef _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc> iterator;
+      typedef _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc> const_iterator;
+      typedef _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc> reference;
+      typedef _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc> pointer;
+
+      friend class _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+      friend class _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+      friend struct _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+      friend class _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+      friend class _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+      friend class _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+      friend struct _Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc>;
+
+    protected:
+      typedef _Rope_base<_CharT, _Alloc> _Base;
+      typedef typename _Base::allocator_type allocator_type;
+      using _Base::_M_tree_ptr;
+      using _Base::get_allocator;
+      using _Base::_M_get_allocator;      
+      typedef __GC_CONST _CharT* _Cstrptr;
+      
+      static _CharT _S_empty_c_str[1];
+      
+      static bool
+      _S_is0(_CharT __c)
+      { return __c == _S_eos((_CharT*)0); }
+      
+      enum { _S_copy_max = 23 };
+                // For strings shorter than _S_copy_max, we copy to
+                // concatenate.
+
+      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
+      typedef _Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeConcatenation;
+      typedef _Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeLeaf;
+      typedef _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeFunction;
+      typedef _Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeSubstring;
+
+      // Retrieve a character at the indicated position.
+      static _CharT _S_fetch(_RopeRep* __r, size_type __pos);
+
+#ifndef __GC
+      // Obtain a pointer to the character at the indicated position.
+      // The pointer can be used to change the character.
+      // If such a pointer cannot be produced, as is frequently the
+      // case, 0 is returned instead.
+      // (Returns nonzero only if all nodes in the path have a refcount
+      // of 1.)
+      static _CharT* _S_fetch_ptr(_RopeRep* __r, size_type __pos);
+#endif
+
+      static bool
+      _S_apply_to_pieces(// should be template parameter
+			 _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>& __c,
+			 const _RopeRep* __r,
+			 size_t __begin, size_t __end);
+                         // begin and end are assumed to be in range.
+
+#ifndef __GC
+      static void
+      _S_unref(_RopeRep* __t)
+      { _RopeRep::_S_unref(__t); }
+
+      static void
+      _S_ref(_RopeRep* __t)
+      { _RopeRep::_S_ref(__t); }
+
+#else /* __GC */
+      static void _S_unref(_RopeRep*) { }
+      static void _S_ref(_RopeRep*) { }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GC
+      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _Self_destruct_ptr;
+#else
+      typedef _Rope_self_destruct_ptr<_CharT, _Alloc> _Self_destruct_ptr;
+#endif
+
+      // _Result is counted in refcount.
+      static _RopeRep* _S_substring(_RopeRep* __base,
+                                    size_t __start, size_t __endp1);
+
+      static _RopeRep* _S_concat_char_iter(_RopeRep* __r,
+					   const _CharT* __iter, size_t __slen);
+      // Concatenate rope and char ptr, copying __s.
+      // Should really take an arbitrary iterator.
+      // Result is counted in refcount.
+      static _RopeRep* _S_destr_concat_char_iter(_RopeRep* __r,
+						 const _CharT* __iter,
+						 size_t __slen)
+	// As above, but one reference to __r is about to be
+	// destroyed.  Thus the pieces may be recycled if all
+	// relevant reference counts are 1.
+#ifdef __GC
+	// We can't really do anything since refcounts are unavailable.
+      { return _S_concat_char_iter(__r, __iter, __slen); }
+#else
+      ;
+#endif
+
+      static _RopeRep* _S_concat(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right);
+      // General concatenation on _RopeRep.  _Result
+      // has refcount of 1.  Adjusts argument refcounts.
+
+   public:
+      void
+      apply_to_pieces(size_t __begin, size_t __end,
+		      _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>& __c) const
+      { _S_apply_to_pieces(__c, this->_M_tree_ptr, __begin, __end); }
+
+   protected:
+
+      static size_t
+      _S_rounded_up_size(size_t __n)
+      { return _RopeLeaf::_S_rounded_up_size(__n); }
+
+      static size_t
+      _S_allocated_capacity(size_t __n)
+      {
+	if (_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT*)0))
+	  return _S_rounded_up_size(__n) - 1;
+	else
+	  return _S_rounded_up_size(__n);
+	
+      }
+
+      // Allocate and construct a RopeLeaf using the supplied allocator
+      // Takes ownership of s instead of copying.
+      static _RopeLeaf*
+      _S_new_RopeLeaf(__GC_CONST _CharT *__s,
+		      size_t __size, allocator_type& __a)
+      {
+	_RopeLeaf* __space = typename _Base::_LAlloc(__a).allocate(1);
+	return new(__space) _RopeLeaf(__s, __size, __a);
+      }
+
+      static _RopeConcatenation*
+      _S_new_RopeConcatenation(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right,
+			       allocator_type& __a)
+      {
+	_RopeConcatenation* __space = typename _Base::_CAlloc(__a).allocate(1);
+	return new(__space) _RopeConcatenation(__left, __right, __a);
+      }
+
+      static _RopeFunction*
+      _S_new_RopeFunction(char_producer<_CharT>* __f,
+			  size_t __size, bool __d, allocator_type& __a)
+      {
+	_RopeFunction* __space = typename _Base::_FAlloc(__a).allocate(1);
+	return new(__space) _RopeFunction(__f, __size, __d, __a);
+      }
+
+      static _RopeSubstring*
+      _S_new_RopeSubstring(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT,_Alloc>* __b, size_t __s,
+			   size_t __l, allocator_type& __a)
+      {
+	_RopeSubstring* __space = typename _Base::_SAlloc(__a).allocate(1);
+	return new(__space) _RopeSubstring(__b, __s, __l, __a);
+      }
+      
+      static _RopeLeaf*
+      _S_RopeLeaf_from_unowned_char_ptr(const _CharT *__s,
+					size_t __size, allocator_type& __a)
+#define __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __size, __a) \
+                _S_RopeLeaf_from_unowned_char_ptr(__s, __size, __a)
+      {
+	if (0 == __size)
+	  return 0;
+	_CharT* __buf = __a.allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__size));
+	
+	__uninitialized_copy_n_a(__s, __size, __buf, __a);
+	_S_cond_store_eos(__buf[__size]);
+	__try
+	  { return _S_new_RopeLeaf(__buf, __size, __a); }
+	__catch(...)
+	  {
+	    _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__buf, __size, __a);
+	    __throw_exception_again;
+	  }
+      }
+
+      // Concatenation of nonempty strings.
+      // Always builds a concatenation node.
+      // Rebalances if the result is too deep.
+      // Result has refcount 1.
+      // Does not increment left and right ref counts even though
+      // they are referenced.
+      static _RopeRep*
+      _S_tree_concat(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right);
+
+      // Concatenation helper functions
+      static _RopeLeaf*
+      _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(_RopeLeaf* __r,
+			       const _CharT* __iter, size_t __slen);
+      // Concatenate by copying leaf.
+      // should take an arbitrary iterator
+      // result has refcount 1.
+#ifndef __GC
+      static _RopeLeaf*
+      _S_destr_leaf_concat_char_iter(_RopeLeaf* __r,
+				     const _CharT* __iter, size_t __slen);
+      // A version that potentially clobbers __r if __r->_M_ref_count == 1.
+#endif
+
+    private:
+      
+      static size_t _S_char_ptr_len(const _CharT* __s);
+      // slightly generalized strlen
+
+      rope(_RopeRep* __t, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
+      : _Base(__t, __a) { }
+
+
+      // Copy __r to the _CharT buffer.
+      // Returns __buffer + __r->_M_size.
+      // Assumes that buffer is uninitialized.
+      static _CharT* _S_flatten(_RopeRep* __r, _CharT* __buffer);
+
+      // Again, with explicit starting position and length.
+      // Assumes that buffer is uninitialized.
+      static _CharT* _S_flatten(_RopeRep* __r,
+				size_t __start, size_t __len,
+				_CharT* __buffer);
+
+      static const unsigned long
+      _S_min_len[__detail::_S_max_rope_depth + 1];
+      
+      static bool
+      _S_is_balanced(_RopeRep* __r)
+      { return (__r->_M_size >= _S_min_len[__r->_M_depth]); }
+
+      static bool
+      _S_is_almost_balanced(_RopeRep* __r)
+      { return (__r->_M_depth == 0
+		|| __r->_M_size >= _S_min_len[__r->_M_depth - 1]); }
+
+      static bool
+      _S_is_roughly_balanced(_RopeRep* __r)
+      { return (__r->_M_depth <= 1
+		|| __r->_M_size >= _S_min_len[__r->_M_depth - 2]); }
+
+      // Assumes the result is not empty.
+      static _RopeRep*
+      _S_concat_and_set_balanced(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right)
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(__left, __right);
+	if (_S_is_balanced(__result))
+	  __result->_M_is_balanced = true;
+	return __result;
+      }
+
+      // The basic rebalancing operation.  Logically copies the
+      // rope.  The result has refcount of 1.  The client will
+      // usually decrement the reference count of __r.
+      // The result is within height 2 of balanced by the above
+      // definition.
+      static _RopeRep* _S_balance(_RopeRep* __r);
+
+      // Add all unbalanced subtrees to the forest of balanced trees.
+      // Used only by balance.
+      static void _S_add_to_forest(_RopeRep*__r, _RopeRep** __forest);
+
+      // Add __r to forest, assuming __r is already balanced.
+      static void _S_add_leaf_to_forest(_RopeRep* __r, _RopeRep** __forest);
+      
+      // Print to stdout, exposing structure
+      static void _S_dump(_RopeRep* __r, int __indent = 0);
+      
+      // Return -1, 0, or 1 if __x < __y, __x == __y, or __x > __y resp.
+      static int _S_compare(const _RopeRep* __x, const _RopeRep* __y);
+      
+    public:
+      bool
+      empty() const
+      { return 0 == this->_M_tree_ptr; }
+      
+      // Comparison member function.  This is public only for those
+      // clients that need a ternary comparison.  Others
+      // should use the comparison operators below.
+      int
+      compare(const rope& __y) const
+      { return _S_compare(this->_M_tree_ptr, __y._M_tree_ptr); }
+
+      rope(const _CharT* __s, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
+      : _Base(__a)
+      {
+	this->_M_tree_ptr =
+	  __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, _S_char_ptr_len(__s),
+					   _M_get_allocator());
+      }
+
+      rope(const _CharT* __s, size_t __len,
+	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
+      : _Base(__a)
+      {
+	this->_M_tree_ptr =
+	  __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __len, _M_get_allocator());
+      }
+
+      // Should perhaps be templatized with respect to the iterator type
+      // and use Sequence_buffer.  (It should perhaps use sequence_buffer
+      // even now.)
+      rope(const _CharT* __s, const _CharT* __e,
+	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
+      : _Base(__a)
+      {
+	this->_M_tree_ptr =
+	  __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __e - __s, _M_get_allocator());
+      }
+
+      rope(const const_iterator& __s, const const_iterator& __e,
+	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
+      : _Base(_S_substring(__s._M_root, __s._M_current_pos,
+			   __e._M_current_pos), __a)
+      { }
+
+      rope(const iterator& __s, const iterator& __e,
+	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
+      : _Base(_S_substring(__s._M_root, __s._M_current_pos,
+			   __e._M_current_pos), __a)
+      { }
+
+      rope(_CharT __c, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
+      : _Base(__a)
+      {
+	_CharT* __buf = this->_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(1));
+	
+	_M_get_allocator().construct(__buf, __c);
+	__try
+	  {
+	    this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__buf, 1,
+						_M_get_allocator());
+	  }
+	__catch(...)
+	  {
+	    _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__buf, 1, _M_get_allocator());
+	    __throw_exception_again;
+	  }
+      }
+
+      rope(size_t __n, _CharT __c,
+	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type());
+
+      rope(const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
+      : _Base(0, __a) { }
+
+      // Construct a rope from a function that can compute its members
+      rope(char_producer<_CharT> *__fn, size_t __len, bool __delete_fn,
+	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
+      : _Base(__a)
+      {
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = (0 == __len) ?
+	  0 : _S_new_RopeFunction(__fn, __len, __delete_fn, __a);
+      }
+
+      rope(const rope& __x, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
+      : _Base(__x._M_tree_ptr, __a)
+      { _S_ref(this->_M_tree_ptr); }
+
+      ~rope() throw()
+      { _S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr); }
+
+      rope&
+      operator=(const rope& __x)
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = __x._M_tree_ptr;
+	_S_ref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
+	_S_unref(__old);
+	return *this;
+      }
+
+      void
+      clear()
+      {
+	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = 0;
+      }
+      
+      void
+      push_back(_CharT __x)
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
+	this->_M_tree_ptr
+	  = _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, &__x, 1);
+	_S_unref(__old);
+      }
+
+      void
+      pop_back()
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
+					 0, this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size - 1);
+	_S_unref(__old);
+      }
+
+      _CharT
+      back() const
+      { return _S_fetch(this->_M_tree_ptr, this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size - 1); }
+
+      void
+      push_front(_CharT __x)
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
+	_RopeRep* __left =
+	  __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(&__x, 1, _M_get_allocator());
+	__try
+	  {
+	    this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_concat(__left, this->_M_tree_ptr);
+	    _S_unref(__old);
+	    _S_unref(__left);
+	  }
+	__catch(...)
+	  {
+	    _S_unref(__left);
+	    __throw_exception_again;
+	  }
+      }
+
+      void
+      pop_front()
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
+	this->_M_tree_ptr
+	  = _S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr, 1, this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size);
+	_S_unref(__old);
+      }
+
+      _CharT
+      front() const
+      { return _S_fetch(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0); }
+
+      void
+      balance()
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_balance(this->_M_tree_ptr);
+	_S_unref(__old);
+      }
+
+      void
+      copy(_CharT* __buffer) const
+      {
+	_Destroy_const(__buffer, __buffer + size(), _M_get_allocator());
+	_S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __buffer);
+      }
+
+      // This is the copy function from the standard, but
+      // with the arguments reordered to make it consistent with the
+      // rest of the interface.
+      // Note that this guaranteed not to compile if the draft standard
+      // order is assumed.
+      size_type
+      copy(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT* __buffer) const
+      {
+	size_t __size = size();
+	size_t __len = (__pos + __n > __size? __size - __pos : __n);
+
+	_Destroy_const(__buffer, __buffer + __len, _M_get_allocator());
+	_S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __pos, __len, __buffer);
+	return __len;
+      }
+
+      // Print to stdout, exposing structure.  May be useful for
+      // performance debugging.
+      void
+      dump()
+      { _S_dump(this->_M_tree_ptr); }
+      
+      // Convert to 0 terminated string in new allocated memory.
+      // Embedded 0s in the input do not terminate the copy.
+      const _CharT* c_str() const;
+
+      // As above, but also use the flattened representation as
+      // the new rope representation.
+      const _CharT* replace_with_c_str();
+      
+      // Reclaim memory for the c_str generated flattened string.
+      // Intentionally undocumented, since it's hard to say when this
+      // is safe for multiple threads.
+      void
+      delete_c_str ()
+      {
+	if (0 == this->_M_tree_ptr)
+	  return;
+	if (__detail::_S_leaf == this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_tag &&
+	    ((_RopeLeaf*)this->_M_tree_ptr)->_M_data ==
+	    this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string)
+	  {
+	    // Representation shared
+	    return;
+	  }
+#ifndef __GC
+	this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_free_c_string();
+#endif
+	this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string = 0;
+      }
+
+      _CharT
+      operator[] (size_type __pos) const
+      { return _S_fetch(this->_M_tree_ptr, __pos); }
+
+      _CharT
+      at(size_type __pos) const
+      {
+	// if (__pos >= size()) throw out_of_range;  // XXX
+	return (*this)[__pos];
+      }
+
+      const_iterator
+      begin() const
+      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0)); }
+
+      // An easy way to get a const iterator from a non-const container.
+      const_iterator
+      const_begin() const
+      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0)); }
+
+      const_iterator
+      end() const
+      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, size())); }
+
+      const_iterator
+      const_end() const
+      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, size())); }
+
+      size_type
+      size() const
+      {	return(0 == this->_M_tree_ptr? 0 : this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size); }
+      
+      size_type
+      length() const
+      {	return size(); }
+
+      size_type
+      max_size() const
+      {
+	return _S_min_len[int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth) - 1] - 1;
+	//  Guarantees that the result can be sufficiently
+	//  balanced.  Longer ropes will probably still work,
+	//  but it's harder to make guarantees.
+      }
+
+      typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
+
+      const_reverse_iterator
+      rbegin() const
+      { return const_reverse_iterator(end()); }
+
+      const_reverse_iterator
+      const_rbegin() const
+      {	return const_reverse_iterator(end()); }
+
+      const_reverse_iterator
+      rend() const
+      { return const_reverse_iterator(begin()); }
+      
+      const_reverse_iterator
+      const_rend() const
+      {	return const_reverse_iterator(begin()); }
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
+        operator+(const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __left,
+		  const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __right);
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
+        operator+(const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __left, const _CharT2* __right);
+
+      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
+        friend rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
+        operator+(const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __left, _CharT2 __right);
+
+      // The symmetric cases are intentionally omitted, since they're
+      // presumed to be less common, and we don't handle them as well.
+
+      // The following should really be templatized.  The first
+      // argument should be an input iterator or forward iterator with
+      // value_type _CharT.
+      rope&
+      append(const _CharT* __iter, size_t __n)
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __result =
+	  _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, __iter, __n);
+	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
+	return *this;
+      }
+
+      rope&
+      append(const _CharT* __c_string)
+      {
+	size_t __len = _S_char_ptr_len(__c_string);
+	append(__c_string, __len);
+	return(*this);
+      }
+
+      rope&
+      append(const _CharT* __s, const _CharT* __e)
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __result =
+	  _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, __s, __e - __s);
+	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
+	return *this;
+      }
+
+      rope&
+      append(const_iterator __s, const_iterator __e)
+      {
+	_Self_destruct_ptr __appendee(_S_substring(__s._M_root,
+						   __s._M_current_pos,
+						   __e._M_current_pos));
+	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(this->_M_tree_ptr, 
+				       (_RopeRep*)__appendee);
+	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
+	return *this;
+      }
+
+      rope&
+      append(_CharT __c)
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __result =
+	  _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, &__c, 1);
+	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
+	return *this;
+      }
+
+      rope&
+      append()
+      { return append(_CharT()); }  // XXX why?
+
+      rope&
+      append(const rope& __y)
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(this->_M_tree_ptr, __y._M_tree_ptr);
+	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
+	return *this;
+      }
+
+      rope&
+      append(size_t __n, _CharT __c)
+      {
+	rope<_CharT,_Alloc> __last(__n, __c);
+	return append(__last);
+      }
+
+      void
+      swap(rope& __b)
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __tmp = this->_M_tree_ptr;
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = __b._M_tree_ptr;
+	__b._M_tree_ptr = __tmp;
+      }
+
+    protected:
+      // Result is included in refcount.
+      static _RopeRep*
+      replace(_RopeRep* __old, size_t __pos1,
+	      size_t __pos2, _RopeRep* __r)
+      {
+	if (0 == __old)
+	  {
+	    _S_ref(__r);
+	    return __r;
+	  }
+	_Self_destruct_ptr __left(_S_substring(__old, 0, __pos1));
+	_Self_destruct_ptr __right(_S_substring(__old, __pos2, __old->_M_size));
+	_RopeRep* __result;
+
+	if (0 == __r)
+	  __result = _S_concat(__left, __right);
+	else
+	  {
+	    _Self_destruct_ptr __left_result(_S_concat(__left, __r));
+	    __result = _S_concat(__left_result, __right);
+	  }
+	return __result;
+      }
+
+    public:
+      void
+      insert(size_t __p, const rope& __r)
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __result =
+	  replace(this->_M_tree_ptr, __p, __p, __r._M_tree_ptr);
+	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
+      }
+
+      void
+      insert(size_t __p, size_t __n, _CharT __c)
+      {
+	rope<_CharT,_Alloc> __r(__n,__c);
+	insert(__p, __r);
+      }
+      
+      void
+      insert(size_t __p, const _CharT* __i, size_t __n)
+      {
+	_Self_destruct_ptr __left(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0, __p));
+	_Self_destruct_ptr __right(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
+						__p, size()));
+	_Self_destruct_ptr __left_result(_S_concat_char_iter(__left, __i, __n));
+	// _S_ destr_concat_char_iter should be safe here.
+	// But as it stands it's probably not a win, since __left
+	// is likely to have additional references.
+	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(__left_result, __right);
+	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
+      }
+
+      void
+      insert(size_t __p, const _CharT* __c_string)
+      {	insert(__p, __c_string, _S_char_ptr_len(__c_string)); }
+
+      void
+      insert(size_t __p, _CharT __c)
+      { insert(__p, &__c, 1); }
+
+      void
+      insert(size_t __p)
+      {
+	_CharT __c = _CharT();
+	insert(__p, &__c, 1);
+      }
+
+      void
+      insert(size_t __p, const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
+      {
+	rope __r(__i, __j);
+	insert(__p, __r);
+      }
+
+      void
+      insert(size_t __p, const const_iterator& __i,
+	     const const_iterator& __j)
+      {
+	rope __r(__i, __j);
+	insert(__p, __r);
+      }
+
+      void
+      insert(size_t __p, const iterator& __i,
+	     const iterator& __j)
+      {
+	rope __r(__i, __j);
+	insert(__p, __r);
+      }
+
+      // (position, length) versions of replace operations:
+      
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n, const rope& __r)
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __result =
+	  replace(this->_M_tree_ptr, __p, __p + __n, __r._M_tree_ptr);
+	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
+      }
+
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n,
+	      const _CharT* __i, size_t __i_len)
+      {
+	rope __r(__i, __i_len);
+	replace(__p, __n, __r);
+      }
+
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n, _CharT __c)
+      {
+	rope __r(__c);
+	replace(__p, __n, __r);
+      }
+
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n, const _CharT* __c_string)
+      {
+	rope __r(__c_string);
+	replace(__p, __n, __r);
+      }
+      
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n,
+	      const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
+      {
+	rope __r(__i, __j);
+	replace(__p, __n, __r);
+      }
+      
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n,
+	      const const_iterator& __i, const const_iterator& __j)
+      {
+	rope __r(__i, __j);
+	replace(__p, __n, __r);
+      }
+
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, size_t __n,
+	      const iterator& __i, const iterator& __j)
+      {
+	rope __r(__i, __j);
+	replace(__p, __n, __r);
+      }
+
+      // Single character variants:
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, _CharT __c)
+      {
+	iterator __i(this, __p);
+	*__i = __c;
+      }
+
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, const rope& __r)
+      { replace(__p, 1, __r); }
+
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, const _CharT* __i, size_t __i_len)
+      { replace(__p, 1, __i, __i_len); }
+
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, const _CharT* __c_string)
+      {	replace(__p, 1, __c_string); }
+
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
+      {	replace(__p, 1, __i, __j); }
+
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, const const_iterator& __i,
+	      const const_iterator& __j)
+      { replace(__p, 1, __i, __j); }
+
+      void
+      replace(size_t __p, const iterator& __i,
+	      const iterator& __j)
+      { replace(__p, 1, __i, __j); }
+
+      // Erase, (position, size) variant.
+      void
+      erase(size_t __p, size_t __n)
+      {
+	_RopeRep* __result = replace(this->_M_tree_ptr, __p,
+				     __p + __n, 0);
+	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
+	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
+      }
+
+      // Erase, single character
+      void
+      erase(size_t __p)
+      { erase(__p, __p + 1); }
+
+      // Insert, iterator variants.
+      iterator
+      insert(const iterator& __p, const rope& __r)
+      {
+	insert(__p.index(), __r);
+	return __p;
+      }
+
+      iterator
+      insert(const iterator& __p, size_t __n, _CharT __c)
+      {
+	insert(__p.index(), __n, __c);
+	return __p;
+      }
+
+      iterator insert(const iterator& __p, _CharT __c)
+      {
+	insert(__p.index(), __c);
+	return __p;
+      }
+      
+      iterator
+      insert(const iterator& __p )
+      {
+	insert(__p.index());
+	return __p;
+      }
+      
+      iterator
+      insert(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* c_string)
+      {
+	insert(__p.index(), c_string);
+	return __p;
+      }
+      
+      iterator
+      insert(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i, size_t __n)
+      {
+	insert(__p.index(), __i, __n);
+	return __p;
+      }
+      
+      iterator
+      insert(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i,
+	     const _CharT* __j)
+      {
+	insert(__p.index(), __i, __j); 
+	return __p;
+      }
+      
+      iterator
+      insert(const iterator& __p,
+	     const const_iterator& __i, const const_iterator& __j)
+      {
+	insert(__p.index(), __i, __j);
+	return __p;
+      }
+      
+      iterator
+      insert(const iterator& __p,
+	     const iterator& __i, const iterator& __j)
+      {
+	insert(__p.index(), __i, __j);
+	return __p;
+      }
+
+      // Replace, range variants.
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q, const rope& __r)
+      {	replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __r); }
+
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q, _CharT __c)
+      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __c); }
+      
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
+	      const _CharT* __c_string)
+      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __c_string); }
+      
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
+	      const _CharT* __i, size_t __n)
+      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __n); }
+      
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
+	      const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
+      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __j); }
+      
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
+	      const const_iterator& __i, const const_iterator& __j)
+      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __j); }
+      
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
+	      const iterator& __i, const iterator& __j)
+      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __j); }
+
+      // Replace, iterator variants.
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, const rope& __r)
+      { replace(__p.index(), __r); }
+      
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, _CharT __c)
+      { replace(__p.index(), __c); }
+      
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __c_string)
+      { replace(__p.index(), __c_string); }
+      
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i, size_t __n)
+      { replace(__p.index(), __i, __n); }
+      
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
+      { replace(__p.index(), __i, __j); }
+      
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, const_iterator __i, const_iterator __j)
+      { replace(__p.index(), __i, __j); }
+      
+      void
+      replace(const iterator& __p, iterator __i, iterator __j)
+      { replace(__p.index(), __i, __j); }
+
+      // Iterator and range variants of erase
+      iterator
+      erase(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q)
+      {
+	size_t __p_index = __p.index();
+	erase(__p_index, __q.index() - __p_index);
+	return iterator(this, __p_index);
+      }
+
+      iterator
+      erase(const iterator& __p)
+      {
+	size_t __p_index = __p.index();
+	erase(__p_index, 1);
+	return iterator(this, __p_index);
+      }
+
+      rope
+      substr(size_t __start, size_t __len = 1) const
+      {
+	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
+						 __start,
+						 __start + __len));
+      }
+
+      rope
+      substr(iterator __start, iterator __end) const
+      {
+	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
+						 __start.index(),
+						 __end.index()));
+      }
+
+      rope
+      substr(iterator __start) const
+      {
+	size_t __pos = __start.index();
+	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
+						 __pos, __pos + 1));
+      }
+
+      rope
+      substr(const_iterator __start, const_iterator __end) const
+      {
+	// This might eventually take advantage of the cache in the
+	// iterator.
+	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
+						 __start.index(),
+						 __end.index()));
+      }
+
+      rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
+      substr(const_iterator __start)
+      {
+	size_t __pos = __start.index();
+	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
+						 __pos, __pos + 1));
+      }
+
+      static const size_type npos;
+
+      size_type find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const;
+
+      size_type
+      find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      {
+	size_type __result_pos;
+	const_iterator __result =
+	  std::search(const_begin() + __pos, const_end(),
+		      __s, __s + _S_char_ptr_len(__s));
+	__result_pos = __result.index();
+#ifndef __STL_OLD_ROPE_SEMANTICS
+	if (__result_pos == size())
+	  __result_pos = npos;
+#endif
+	return __result_pos;
+      }
+
+      iterator
+      mutable_begin()
+      { return(iterator(this, 0)); }
+      
+      iterator
+      mutable_end()
+      { return(iterator(this, size())); }
+
+      typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
+      
+      reverse_iterator
+      mutable_rbegin()
+      { return reverse_iterator(mutable_end()); }
+
+      reverse_iterator
+      mutable_rend()
+      { return reverse_iterator(mutable_begin()); }
+
+      reference
+      mutable_reference_at(size_type __pos)
+      { return reference(this, __pos); }
+
+#ifdef __STD_STUFF
+      reference
+      operator[] (size_type __pos)
+      { return _char_ref_proxy(this, __pos); }
+
+      reference
+      at(size_type __pos)
+      {
+	// if (__pos >= size()) throw out_of_range;  // XXX
+	return (*this)[__pos];
+      }
+      
+      void resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c) { }
+      void resize(size_type __n) { }
+      void reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0) { }
+      
+      size_type
+      capacity() const
+      { return max_size(); }
+
+      // Stuff below this line is dangerous because it's error prone.
+      // I would really like to get rid of it.
+      // copy function with funny arg ordering.
+      size_type
+      copy(_CharT* __buffer, size_type __n,
+	   size_type __pos = 0) const
+      { return copy(__pos, __n, __buffer); }
+
+      iterator
+      end()
+      { return mutable_end(); }
+
+      iterator
+      begin()
+      { return mutable_begin(); }
+
+      reverse_iterator
+      rend()
+      { return mutable_rend(); }
+      
+      reverse_iterator
+      rbegin()
+      { return mutable_rbegin(); }
+
+#else
+      const_iterator
+      end()
+      { return const_end(); }
+
+      const_iterator
+      begin()
+      { return const_begin(); }
+
+      const_reverse_iterator
+      rend()
+      { return const_rend(); }
+
+      const_reverse_iterator
+      rbegin()
+      { return const_rbegin(); }
+
+#endif
+    };
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    const typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::size_type
+    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::npos = (size_type)(-1);
+  
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool operator==(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+			   const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return (__x._M_current_pos == __y._M_current_pos
+	      && __x._M_root == __y._M_root); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool operator<(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+			  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return (__x._M_current_pos < __y._M_current_pos); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool operator!=(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+			   const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return !(__x == __y); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool operator>(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+			  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return __y < __x; }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<=(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return !(__y < __x); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>=(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return !(__x < __y); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline ptrdiff_t
+    operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	      const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return (ptrdiff_t)__x._M_current_pos - (ptrdiff_t)__y._M_current_pos; }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n)
+    { return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root,
+						  __x._M_current_pos - __n); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n)
+    { return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root,
+						  __x._M_current_pos + __n); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(ptrdiff_t __n, const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
+  { return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root,
+						__x._M_current_pos + __n); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator==(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    {return (__x._M_current_pos == __y._M_current_pos
+	     && __x._M_root_rope == __y._M_root_rope); }
+  
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return (__x._M_current_pos < __y._M_current_pos); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator!=(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return !(__x == __y); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return __y < __x; }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<=(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return !(__y < __x); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>=(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return !(__x < __y); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline ptrdiff_t
+    operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return ((ptrdiff_t)__x._M_current_pos
+	      - (ptrdiff_t)__y._M_current_pos); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	      ptrdiff_t __n)
+    { return _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root_rope,
+					    __x._M_current_pos - __n); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, ptrdiff_t __n)
+    { return _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root_rope,
+					    __x._M_current_pos + __n); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(ptrdiff_t __n, const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
+    { return _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root_rope,
+					    __x._M_current_pos + __n); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
+	      const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right)
+    {
+      // Inlining this should make it possible to keep __left and
+      // __right in registers.
+      typedef rope<_CharT, _Alloc> rope_type;
+      return rope_type(rope_type::_S_concat(__left._M_tree_ptr, 
+					    __right._M_tree_ptr));
+    }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>&
+    operator+=(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
+	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right)
+    {
+      __left.append(__right);
+      return __left;
+    }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
+	      const _CharT* __right)
+    {
+      typedef rope<_CharT, _Alloc> rope_type;
+      size_t __rlen = rope_type::_S_char_ptr_len(__right);
+      return rope_type(rope_type::_S_concat_char_iter(__left._M_tree_ptr,
+						      __right, __rlen));
+    }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>&
+    operator+=(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
+	       const _CharT* __right)
+    {
+      __left.append(__right);
+      return __left;
+    }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left, _CharT __right)
+    {
+      typedef rope<_CharT, _Alloc> rope_type;
+      return rope_type(rope_type::_S_concat_char_iter(__left._M_tree_ptr,
+						      &__right, 1));
+    }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>&
+    operator+=(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left, _CharT __right)
+    {
+      __left.append(__right);
+      return __left;
+    }
+  
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    bool
+    operator<(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
+	      const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right)
+    { return __left.compare(__right) < 0; }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    bool
+    operator==(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
+	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right)
+    { return __left.compare(__right) == 0; }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator==(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return (__x._M_pos == __y._M_pos && __x._M_root == __y._M_root); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator!=(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return !(__x == __y); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	      const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return __y < __x; }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<=(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return !(__y < __x); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>=(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return !(__x < __y); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator!=(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
+	       const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { return !(__x == __y); }
+
+  template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
+    std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __o,
+	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r);
+
+  typedef rope<char> crope;
+  typedef rope<wchar_t> wrope;
+
+  inline crope::reference
+  __mutable_reference_at(crope& __c, size_t __i)
+  { return __c.mutable_reference_at(__i); }
+
+  inline wrope::reference
+  __mutable_reference_at(wrope& __c, size_t __i)
+  { return __c.mutable_reference_at(__i); }
+
+  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
+    inline void
+    swap(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
+    { __x.swap(__y); }
+
+_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
+} // namespace
+
+
+namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
+{ 
+namespace tr1
+{
+_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
+
+  template<>
+    struct hash<__gnu_cxx::crope>
+    {
+      size_t
+      operator()(const __gnu_cxx::crope& __str) const
+      {
+	size_t __size = __str.size();
+	if (0 == __size)
+	  return 0;
+	return 13 * __str[0] + 5 * __str[__size - 1] + __size;
+      }
+    };
+
+
+  template<>
+    struct hash<__gnu_cxx::wrope>
+    {
+      size_t
+      operator()(const __gnu_cxx::wrope& __str) const
+      {
+	size_t __size = __str.size();
+	if (0 == __size)
+	  return 0;
+	return 13 * __str[0] + 5 * __str[__size - 1] + __size;
+      }
+    };
+
+_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
+} // namespace tr1
+} // namespace std
+
+# include <ext/ropeimpl.h>
+
+#endif