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diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/protected_5.f90 b/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/protected_5.f90
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85046c3cb
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+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/protected_5.f90
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+! { dg-do compile }
+! { dg-shouldfail "Invalid Fortran 2003 code" }
+! { dg-options "-std=f2003 -fall-intrinsics" }
+! PR fortran/23994
+!
+! Test PROTECTED attribute. Within the module everything is allowed.
+! Outside (use-associated): For pointers, their association status
+! may not be changed. For nonpointers, their value may not be changed.
+!
+! Test of a invalid code
+
+module good1
+  implicit none
+  integer              :: a
+  integer              :: b,c
+  protected            :: c
+  equivalence (a,c) ! { dg-error "Either all or none of the objects in the EQUIVALENCE" }
+end module good1
+
+
+module bad1
+  implicit none
+  integer, protected   :: a
+  integer              :: b,c
+  protected            :: c
+  equivalence (a,b) ! { dg-error "Either all or none of the objects in the EQUIVALENCE" }
+end module bad1
+
+module bad2
+  implicit none
+  integer, protected   :: a
+  integer              :: b,c,d
+  protected            :: c
+  common /one/ a,b  ! { dg-error "PROTECTED attribute conflicts with COMMON" }
+  common /two/ c,d  ! { dg-error "PROTECTED attribute conflicts with COMMON" }
+end module bad2
+
+module good2
+  implicit none
+  type myT
+     integer :: j
+     integer, pointer :: p
+     real, allocatable, dimension(:) :: array
+  end type myT
+  type(myT), save :: t
+  protected :: t
+end module good2
+
+program main
+  use good2
+  implicit none
+  t%j = 15             ! { dg-error "variable definition context" }
+  nullify(t%p)         ! { dg-error "pointer association context" }
+  allocate(t%array(15))! { dg-error "variable definition context" }
+end program main
+
+! { dg-final { cleanup-modules "good1 good2 bad1 bad2" } }