General cleanup.

17 files changed, 478 insertions, 509 deletions

diff --git a/subr/build_init.subr b/subr/build_init.subr
index eeeaf60b..91784f83 100644
--- a/subr/build_init.subr
+++ b/subr/build_init.subr
@@ -3,87 +3,117 @@
 #
 
 buildp_init_args() {
-	local _last_pkg=""; _status="";
-	if [ "${ARG_AS_NEEDED:-0}" -eq 1 ]\
+	local _group="" _last_pkg="" _pkg_names_unknown="" _rc=0; _status="";
+	if [ "${ARG_DUMP_ON_ABORT:-0}" -eq 1 ]\
+	&& [ "${ARG_RELAXED:-0}" -eq 1 ]; then
+		_rc=1; _status="Error: --dump-on-abort excludes -R.";
+	elif [ "${ARG_AS_NEEDED:-0}" -eq 1 ]\
 	&& [ -e "${PREFIX}/build.gitref" ]\
 	&& [ "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(cat "${PREFIX}/build.gitref")" ]; then
-		_status="Git repository has not changed since last build and --as-needed was specified.";
-	fi;
-	if [ -n "${ARG_RESTART}" ]; then
-		if [ "${ARG_RESTART#\*\*\*}" != "${ARG_RESTART}" ]; then
-			ARG_RESTART="${ARG_RESTART#\*\*\*}"; ARG_RESTART_RECURSIVE=3;
-		elif [ "${ARG_RESTART#\*\*}" != "${ARG_RESTART}" ]; then
-			ARG_RESTART="${ARG_RESTART#\*\*}"; ARG_RESTART_RECURSIVE=2;
-		elif [ "${ARG_RESTART#\*}" != "${ARG_RESTART}" ]; then
-			ARG_RESTART="${ARG_RESTART#\*}"; ARG_RESTART_RECURSIVE=1;
-		fi;
-	fi;
-	case "${ARG_RESTART}" in
-	ALL)	ARG_RESTART_AT=ALL; ARG_RESTART_RECURSIVE=2; ;;
-	LAST)	ARG_RESTART_AT=ALL; ARG_RESTART_RECURSIVE=0; ;;
-	"")	;;
-	*:*)	ARG_RESTART_AT="${ARG_RESTART#*:}"; ARG_RESTART="$(rtl_llift "${ARG_RESTART%%:*}" "," " ")"; ;;
-	*)	ARG_RESTART="$(rtl_llift "${ARG_RESTART}" "," " ")"; ARG_RESTART_AT=ALL; ;;
-	esac;
-	if [ "${ARG_RESTART}" = "LAST" ]; then
-		if [ -n "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LAST_FAILED_PKG_FNAME}" ]\
-		&& [ -e "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LAST_FAILED_PKG_FNAME}" ]; then
-			_last_pkg="$(cat "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LAST_FAILED_PKG_FNAME}")";
-			rtl_fileop rm "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LAST_FAILED_PKG_FNAME}";
-			rtl_state_clear "${BUILD_WORKDIR}" "${_last_pkg}";
-			ARG_RESTART="${_last_pkg}";
+		_rc=0; _status="Git repository has not changed since last build and --as-needed was specified.";
+	else	case "${ARG_PARALLEL}" in
+		auto)	if ! ARG_PARALLEL="$(rtl_get_cpu_count)"; then
+				_rc=1; _status="Error: failed to get CPU count.";
+			else
+				ARG_PARALLEL=$((${ARG_PARALLEL}/2));
+			fi; ;;
+		"")	ARG_PARALLEL=1; ;;
+		*)	if ! rtl_isnumber "${ARG_PARALLEL}"; then
+				_rc=1; _status="Error: invalid jobs count \`${ARG_PARALLEL}'.";
+			fi; ;;
+		esac;
+		if [ "${_rc:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
+			DEFAULT_BUILD_CPUS="${ARG_PARALLEL}";
+			case "${ARG_FETCH_FORCE}" in
+			ipv4)	DEFAULT_GIT_ARGS="$(rtl_lconcat "-4" "${DEFAULT_GIT_ARGS}")";
+				DEFAULT_WGET_ARGS="$(rtl_lconcat "-4" "${DEFAULT_GIT_ARGS}")"; ;;
+			ipv6)	DEFAULT_GIT_ARGS="$(rtl_lconcat "-6" "${DEFAULT_GIT_ARGS}")";
+				DEFAULT_WGET_ARGS="$(rtl_lconcat "-6" "${DEFAULT_GIT_ARGS}")"; ;;
+			esac;
+			case "${ARG_RESTART}" in
+			\*\*\*[a-zA-Z]*)
+					ARG_RESTART="${ARG_RESTART#\*\*\*}"; ARG_RESTART_RECURSIVE=3; ;;
+			\*\*[a-zA-Z]*)	ARG_RESTART="${ARG_RESTART#\*\*}"; ARG_RESTART_RECURSIVE=2; ;;
+			\*[a-zA-Z]*)	ARG_RESTART="${ARG_RESTART#\*}"; ARG_RESTART_RECURSIVE=1; ;;
+			ALL)		ARG_RESTART_AT=ALL; ARG_RESTART_RECURSIVE=2; ;;
+			LAST)		ARG_RESTART_AT=ALL; ARG_RESTART_RECURSIVE=0;
+					if [ -n "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LAST_FAILED_PKG_FNAME}" ]\
+					&& [ -e "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LAST_FAILED_PKG_FNAME}" ]; then
+						_last_pkg="$(cat "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LAST_FAILED_PKG_FNAME}")";
+						rtl_fileop rm "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LAST_FAILED_PKG_FNAME}";
+						rtl_state_clear "${BUILD_WORKDIR}" "${_last_pkg}";
+						ARG_RESTART="${_last_pkg}";
+					else
+						_rc=1; _status="Error: cannot rebuild last failed package.";
+					fi; ;;
+			esac;
+			if [ "${_rc:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
+				case "${ARG_RESTART}" in
+				*:*)		ARG_RESTART_AT="${ARG_RESTART#*:}"; ARG_RESTART="$(rtl_llift "${ARG_RESTART%%:*}" "," " ")"; ;;
+				*)		ARG_RESTART="$(rtl_llift "${ARG_RESTART}" "," " ")"; ARG_RESTART_AT=ALL; ;;
+				esac;
+				if ! ex_pkg_load_groups; then
+					_rc=1; _status="Error: failed to load build groups.";
+				else	if ! rtl_lmatch "${ARG_DIST}" "rpm" ","; then
+						EX_PKG_BUILD_GROUPS="$(rtl_lfilter "${EX_PKG_BUILD_GROUPS}" "host_deps_rpm")";
+					fi;
+					if [ -z "${BUILD_GROUPS}" ]; then
+						BUILD_GROUPS="${EX_PKG_BUILD_GROUPS}";
+					else	for _group in ${BUILD_GROUPS}; do
+							if ! rtl_lmatch "${EX_PKG_BUILD_GROUPS}" "${_group}"; then
+								_rc=1; _status="Error: unknown build group \`${_group}'."; break;
+							fi;
+						done;
+					fi;
+					if [ "${_rc:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
+						if [ -n "${ARG_DIST}" ]; then
+							BUILD_GROUPS="$(rtl_lconcat "$(rtl_lfilter "${BUILD_GROUPS}" "dist")" "dist")";
+						fi;
+						if [ -n "${ARG_RESTART}" ]; then
+							for _pkg_name in ${ARG_RESTART}; do
+								if ! ex_pkg_find_package "${BUILD_GROUPS}" "${_pkg_name}" >/dev/null; then
+									_pkg_names_unknown="$(rtl_lconcat "${_pkg_names_unknown}" "${_pkg_name}")";
+								fi;
+							done;
+							case "$(rtl_llength "${_pkg_names_unknown}")" in
+							0)	;;
+							1)	_rc=1; _status="Error: unknown package \`${_pkg_names_unknown}'."; ;;
+							*)	_rc=1; _status="Error: unknown packages: $(rtl_subst "${_pkg_names_unknown}" " " ", ")"; ;;
+							esac;
+						fi;
+						if [ "${_rc}" -eq 0 ]; then
+							case "${ARG_VERBOSE:-0}" in
+							0)	rtl_fileop_set_log 0; rtl_log_set_lvl 0; ;;
+							1)	rtl_fileop_set_log 0; rtl_log_set_lvl 2; ;;
+							2)	rtl_fileop_set_log 0; rtl_log_set_lvl 2; ;;
+							3)	rtl_fileop_set_log 0; rtl_log_set_lvl 2; ;;
+							4)	rtl_fileop_set_log 1; rtl_log_set_lvl 3; ;;
+							*)	_rc=1; _status="Error: invalid verbosity level (max. -vvvv)"; ;;
+							esac;
+						fi;
+					fi;
+				fi;
+			fi;
 		fi;
-	fi;
-	rtl_log_set_vnfo_lvl "${ARG_VERBOSE:-0}";
-	case "${ARG_FETCH_FORCE}" in
-	ipv4)	DEFAULT_GIT_ARGS="$(rtl_lconcat "-4" "${DEFAULT_GIT_ARGS}")";
-		DEFAULT_WGET_ARGS="$(rtl_lconcat "-4" "${DEFAULT_GIT_ARGS}")"; ;;
-	ipv6)	DEFAULT_GIT_ARGS="$(rtl_lconcat "-6" "${DEFAULT_GIT_ARGS}")";
-		DEFAULT_WGET_ARGS="$(rtl_lconcat "-6" "${DEFAULT_GIT_ARGS}")"; ;;
-	esac;
-	return 0;
-};
-
-buildp_init_defaults() {
-	local _rc=0; _status="";
-
-	# Command-line arguments
-	: ${ARCH:="nt64"}; : ${BUILD:="debug"};
-	ARG_AS_NEEDED=0; ARG_CLEAN_BUILDS=""; ARG_DEBUG_MINIPIX=0; ARG_DUMP_IN="";
-	ARG_DUMP_ON_ABORT=0; ARG_DIST=""; ARG_FETCH_FORCE=0; ARG_PARALLEL=1; ARG_RELAXED=0;
-	ARG_RESTART=""; ARG_VERBOSE=0;
-
-	# Build parameters & state
-	BUILD_HNAME=""; BUILD_IS_PARENT=1; BUILD_GROUPS=""; BUILD_GROUPS_INHIBIT_DEPS=0;
-	BUILD_TARGET=""; BUILD_USER=""; MIDIPIX_BUILD_PWD="";
-
-	# Global defaults
-	DEFAULT_BUILD_CPUS=1;
-	DEFAULT_BUILD_LAST_FAILED_PKG_FNAME=""
-	DEFAULT_BUILD_LOG_FNAME="";
-	DEFAULT_BUILD_STATUS_IN_PROGRESS_FNAME="";
-	DEFAULT_BUILD_STEPS="";
-	DEFAULT_BUILD_VARS="";
-	DEFAULT_CLEAR_PREFIX_PATHS="";
-	DEFAULT_GIT_ARGS="";
-	DEFAULT_GITROOT_HEAD="";
-	DEFAULT_LOG_ENV_VARS="";
-	DEFAULT_TARGET="";
-	DEFAULT_WGET_ARGS="";
-
-	return "${_rc}";
+	fi; return "${_rc}";
 };
 
 buildp_init_env() {
 	local _fname="" _rc=0; _status="";
-	if ! umask 022; then
-		printf "Error: failed to setup environment.\n"; exit 1;
+	if ! cd "${0%/*}"; then
+		printf "Error: failed to change working directory to \`${0%/*}'." >&2; exit 1;
+	elif ! umask 022; then
+		printf "Error: failed to set umask(2).\n" >&2; exit 1;
+	elif ! BUILD_HNAME="$(hostname)"; then
+		_rc=1; _status="Error: failed to obtain hostname.";
+	elif ! BUILD_USER="$(id -nu)"; then
+		_rc=1; _status="Error: failed to obtain username.";
 	else	for _fname in $(find subr -name *.subr); do
 			if ! . "${_fname}"; then
 				printf "Error: failed to source \`%s'.\n" "${_fname}"; exit 1;
 			fi;
-		done; fi;
-	return "${_rc}";
+		done;
+	fi; return "${_rc}";
 };
 
 buildp_init_files() {
@@ -107,7 +137,7 @@ buildp_init_files() {
 			rtl_fileop mv "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LOG_FNAME}" "${_log_last_fname}";
 			rtl_fileop ln_symbolic "${_log_last_fname}" "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LOG_LAST_FNAME}";
 		fi;
-		rtl_fileop touch "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LOG_FNAME}";
+		rtl_fileop touch "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LOG_FNAME}"; rtl_log_set_fname "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LOG_FNAME}";
 		if rtl_lmatch "${ARG_CLEAN_BUILDS}" "prefix" ","; then
 			rtl_log_msg info "-C prefix specified, cleaning prefix...";
 			for _pname in ${DEFAULT_CLEAR_PREFIX_PATHS}; do
@@ -123,6 +153,10 @@ buildp_init_files() {
 
 buildp_init_getopts() {
 	local _arg="" _opt="" _rc=0 _shiftfl=0 OPTIND=0; _status="";
+	: ${ARCH:="nt64"}; : ${BUILD:="debug"};
+	ARG_AS_NEEDED=0; ARG_CLEAN_BUILDS=""; ARG_DEBUG_MINIPIX=0; ARG_DIST=1; ARG_DUMP_IN="";
+	ARG_DUMP_ON_ABORT=0; ARG_FETCH_FORCE=0; ARG_PARALLEL=1; ARG_RELAXED=0; ARG_RESTART="";
+	ARG_VERBOSE=0;
 	while [ "${#}" -gt 0 ]; do
 		case "${1}" in
 		--as-needed)	ARG_AS_NEEDED=1; _shiftfl=1; ;;
@@ -161,13 +195,10 @@ buildp_init_getopts() {
 			break;
 		fi;
 	done;
-	if [ "${_rc}" -eq 0 ]; then
-		if [ "${ARG_DUMP_ON_ABORT:-0}" -eq 1 ]\
-		&& [ "${ARG_RELAXED:-0}" -eq 1 ]; then
-			_rc=1; _status="Error: --dump-on-abort excludes -R.";
-		else	while [ ${#} -gt 0 ]; do
-			if [ "${1#\*}" != "${1}" ]; then
-				BUILD_GROUPS_INHIBIT_DEPS=1; _arg="${1#\*}";
+	if [ "${_rc:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
+		while [ ${#} -gt 0 ]; do
+			if [ "${1#=}" != "${1}" ]; then
+				BUILD_GROUPS_INHIBIT_DEPS=1; _arg="${1#=}";
 			else
 				_arg="${1}";
 			fi;
@@ -176,56 +207,17 @@ buildp_init_getopts() {
 			[^a-zA-Z]*)	_rc=1; _status="Error: build group names must start with [a-zA-Z] (in argument \`${_arg}'.)"; ;;
 			*[^_a-zA-Z]*)	_rc=1; _status="Error: build group names must not contain [^_a-zA-Z] (in argument \`${_arg}'.)"; ;;
 			*)		BUILD_GROUPS="$(rtl_lconcat "${BUILD_GROUPS}" "${_arg}")"; ;;
-			esac; shift; done;
-		fi;
+			esac; shift;
+		done;
 	fi;
 	return "${_rc}";
 };
 
-buildp_init_groups() {
-	local _default_build_groups="" _fname="" _group="" _groups="" _rc=0; _status="";
-	for _fname in $(find ./groups -name *.group | sort); do
-		rtl_fileop source_opt "${_fname}";
-		if [ -n "${GROUP_TARGET}" ]; then
-			_group="${GROUP_TARGET}"; unset GROUP_TARGET;
-		else
-			_group="${_fname##*/}"; _group="${_group%.group}"; _group="${_group#*.}";
-		fi;
-		if ! rtl_lmatch "${_groups}" "${_group}"; then
-			_groups="$(rtl_lconcat "${_groups}" "${_group}")";
-			if [ -n "${GROUP_AUTO}" ]; then
-				if [ "${GROUP_AUTO:-0}" -ne 0 ]; then
-					_default_build_groups="$(rtl_lconcat "${_default_build_groups}" "${_group}")";
-				fi;
-				unset GROUP_AUTO;
-			else
-				_default_build_groups="$(rtl_lconcat "${_default_build_groups}" "${_group}")";
-			fi;
-		fi;
-	done;
-	_default_build_groups="$(rtl_uniq "${_default_build_groups}")";
-	if ! rtl_lmatch "${ARG_DIST}" "rpm" ","; then
-		_default_build_groups="$(rtl_lfilter "${_default_build_groups}" "host_deps_rpm")";
-	fi;
-	if [ -z "${BUILD_GROUPS}" ]; then
-		BUILD_GROUPS="${_default_build_groups}";
-	fi;
-	if [ -n "${ARG_DIST}" ]; then
-		BUILD_GROUPS="$(rtl_lconcat "$(rtl_lfilter "${BUILD_GROUPS}" "dist")" "dist")";
-	fi;
-	for _group in ${BUILD_GROUPS}; do
-		if ! rtl_lmatch "${_groups}" "${_group}"; then
-			_rc=1; _status="Error: unknown build group \`${_group}'."; break;
-		fi;
-	done;
-	return "${_rc}";
-};
-
 buildp_init_prereqs() {
 	local _cmd="" _cmds_missing="" _rc=0; _status="";
 	for _cmd in	\
 			awk bunzip2 bzip2 cat chmod cmake cp date find flock	\
-			g++ gcc git grep gunzip gzip hostname install kill	\
+			g++ gcc git grep gunzip gzip hostname id install kill	\
 			ln lzip make mkdir mkfifo mktemp mv paste patch perl	\
 			pgrep pkill printf readlink rm sed sha256sum sort	\
 			tail tar test touch tr uniq wget xz zip; do
@@ -242,50 +234,16 @@ buildp_init_prereqs() {
 	return "${_rc}";
 };
 
-buildp_init_vars() {
-	local _rc=0; _status="";
-	if ! rtl_lmatch "${ARCH}" "nt32 nt64"; then
-		_rc=1; _status="Error: invalid architecture \`${ARCH}'.";
-	elif ! rtl_lmatch "${BUILD}" "debug release"; then
-		_rc=1; _status="Error: unknown build type \`${BUILD}'.";
-	elif [ -n "${ARG_PARALLEL}" ] &&  [ "${ARG_PARALLEL}" != "auto" ]\
-	&&   ! rtl_isnumber "${ARG_PARALLEL}"; then
-		_rc=1; _status="Error: invalid jobs count \`${ARG_PARALLEL}'.";
-	else	case "${ARCH}" in
-		nt32)	DEFAULT_TARGET="i686-nt32-midipix"; ;;
-		nt64)	DEFAULT_TARGET="x86_64-nt64-midipix"; ;;
-		esac;
-		if DEFAULT_BUILD_CPUS="$(rtl_get_cpu_count)"; then
-			if [ "${ARG_PARALLEL}" = "auto" ]\
-			&& [ "${DEFAULT_BUILD_CPUS}" -gt 1 ]; then
-				ARG_PARALLEL=$((${DEFAULT_BUILD_CPUS}/2));
-			fi;
-			rtl_fileop source_opt							\
-				"${HOME}/midipix_build.vars" "${HOME}/.midipix_build.vars"	\
-				../midipix_build.vars ./midipix.env;
-			if [ -z "${PREFIX}" ]; then
-				_rc=1; _status="Error: \${PREFIX} empty or unset.";
-			fi;
-		fi;
-	fi; return "${_rc}";
-};
-
 build_init() {
-	local _fname="" _rc=0 _status="";
+	local _rc=0; _status="";
 	if ! buildp_init_env		\
-	|| ! buildp_init_defaults	\
 	|| ! buildp_init_getopts "${@}"	\
 	|| ! buildp_init_prereqs	\
-	|| ! buildp_init_vars		\
-	|| ! buildp_init_groups		\
+	|| ! ex_pkg_load_vars		\
 	|| ! buildp_init_args		\
 	|| ! buildp_init_files; then
-		_rc="${?}"; rtl_log_msg fail "${_status}"; exit "${_rc}";
-	elif [ -n "${_status}" ]; then
-		rtl_log_msg info "${_status}"; exit 0;
-	else
-		return "${_rc}";
-	fi;
+		_rc=1; _status="${_status}";
+	fi; return "${_rc}";
 };
 
 # vim:filetype=sh
diff --git a/subr/ex_pkg.subr b/subr/ex_pkg.subr
index 497e89ce..3dcfbc7e 100644
--- a/subr/ex_pkg.subr
+++ b/subr/ex_pkg.subr
@@ -4,31 +4,27 @@
 
 #
 # ex_pkg_check_depends() - check single named package for unsatisfied dependencies
+# @_checkfl:		enable (1) or inhibit (0) dependency expansion
 # @_pkg_disabled:	list of disabled packages
 # @_pkg_finished:	list of finished packages
 # @_pkg_name:		single package name
 # @_pkg_wait:		list of in-progress packages
-# @_restart_recursive:	optional flag specifiying either no dependency expansion (0,) dependency expansion (1,) dependency expansion and forcibly rebuild (2,) forcibly rebuild reverse dependencies (3.)
 #
 # Return:		zero (0) given no outstanding dependencies, non-zero (>0) otherwise
 #
 ex_pkg_check_depends() {
-	local	_pkg_disabled="${1}" _pkg_finished="${2}" _pkg_name="${3}"	\
-		_pkg_wait="${4}" _restart_recursive="${5}"			\
-		_pkg_depends="" _pkg_name_depend="" _dependfl=0;
-	if _pkg_depends="$(rtl_uniq $(rtl_lunfold_depends 'PKG_${_name}_DEPENDS' $(rtl_get_var_unsafe -u "PKG_"${_pkg_name}"_DEPENDS")))"\
-	&& [ -n "${_pkg_depends}" ]; then
-		if [ -z "${_restart}" ]\
-		|| [ "${_restart_recursive:-0}" -ge 1 ]; then
-			for _pkg_name_depend in $(rtl_uniq ${_pkg_depends}); do
-				if ! rtl_lmatch "${_pkg_disabled}" "${_pkg_name_depend}"\
-				&& ! rtl_lmatch "${_pkg_finished}" "${_pkg_name_depend}"; then
-					_dependfl=1; break;
-				elif rtl_lmatch "${_pkg_wait}" "${_pkg_name_depend}"; then
-					_dependfl=1; break;
-				fi;
-			done;
-		fi;
+	local	_checkfl="${1}" _pkg_disabled="${2}" _pkg_finished="${3}" _pkg_name="${4}" _pkg_wait="${5}"\
+		_dependfl=0 _pkg_depends="" _pkg_name_depend="";
+	if [ "${_checkfl:-0}" -eq 1 ]\
+	&& _pkg_depends="$(rtl_uniq $(rtl_lunfold_depends 'PKG_${_name}_DEPENDS' $(rtl_get_var_unsafe -u "PKG_"${_pkg_name}"_DEPENDS")))"; then
+		for _pkg_name_depend in $(rtl_uniq ${_pkg_depends}); do
+			if ! rtl_lmatch "${_pkg_disabled}" "${_pkg_name_depend}"\
+			&& ! rtl_lmatch "${_pkg_finished}" "${_pkg_name_depend}"; then
+				_dependfl=1; break;
+			elif rtl_lmatch "${_pkg_wait}" "${_pkg_name_depend}"; then
+				_dependfl=1; break;
+			fi;
+		done;
 	fi;
 	return "${_dependfl}";
 };
@@ -41,7 +37,7 @@ ex_pkg_check_depends() {
 # Return:		zero (0) on success, non-zero (>0) if package not found, group name on stdout if package was found.
 #
 ex_pkg_find_package() {
-	local _group_names="${1}" _pkg_name="${2}" _group_name="" _pkg_names="";
+	local _group_names="${1}" _pkg_name="${2}" _foundfl=0 _group_name="" _pkg_names="";
 	for _group_name in ${_group_names}; do
 		if _pkg_names="$(rtl_get_var_unsafe -u "${_group_name}_PACKAGES")"\
 		&& [ -n "${_pkg_names}" ]\
@@ -51,7 +47,7 @@ ex_pkg_find_package() {
 	done;
 	case "${_foundfl:-0}" in
 	0)	return 1; ;;
-	1)	echo "${_group_name}"; return 0; ;;
+	1)	printf "%s" "${_group_name}"; return 0; ;;
 	esac;
 };
 
@@ -65,32 +61,113 @@ ex_pkg_get_packages() {
 	local _group_name="${1}" _pkg_names="";
 	if _pkg_names="$(rtl_get_var_unsafe -u "${_group_name}_PACKAGES")"\
 	&& [ -n "${_pkg_names}" ]; then
-		echo "${_pkg_names}"; return 0;
+		printf "%s" "${_pkg_names}"; return 0;
 	else
 		return 1;
 	fi;
 };
 
 #
+# ex_pkg_load_dump() - load package dump
+# @_pkg_name:	package name
+#
+# Return:	zero (0) on success, non-zero (>0) on failure, package dump post-return on success.
+#
+ex_pkg_load_dump() {
+	local _pkg_name="${1}" _workdir="${2}" _rc=0; _status="";
+	if [ ! -e "${_workdir}/${_pkg_name}.dump" ]; then
+		rtl_log_msg warn "Warning: failed to locate environment dump for package \`%s' in \`%s'." "${_pkg_name}" "${_workdir}";
+		rtl_log_msg info "Re_building package \`%s' w/ --dump-in _build..." "${_pkg_name}";
+		(export	ARCH BUILD BUILD_DLCACHEDIR BUILD_WORKDIR		\
+			PREFIX PREFIX_CROSS PREFIX_MINGW32 PREFIX_MINIPIX	\
+			PREFIX_NATIVE PREFIX_ROOT PREFIX_RPM;
+		./build.sh --dump-in _build -P -r "${_pkg_name}" -v);
+		if [ ! -e "${_workdir}/${_pkg_name}.dump" ]; then
+			_rc=1; _status="Error: failed to locate environment dump for package \`${_pkg_name}' in \`${_workdir}'.";
+		fi;
+	else
+		_rc=0;
+	fi;
+	if [ "${_rc:-0}" -eq 0 ]\
+	&& ! . "${_workdir}/${_pkg_name}.dump"; then
+		_rc=1; _status="Error: failed to source environment dump for package \`${_pkg_name}' from \`${_workdir}'.";
+	elif [ "${_rc:-0}" -eq 0 ]\
+	&&   ! rtl_fileop cd "${PKG_BUILD_DIR}"; then
+		_rc=1; _status="Error: failed to change working directory to \`${PKG_BUILD_DIR}'.";
+	fi; return "${_rc}";
+};
+
+#
+# ex_pkg_load_vars() - load build variables
+#
+# Return:	zero (0) on success, non-zero (>0) on failure, build variables post-return on success.
+#
+ex_pkg_load_vars() {
+	local _rc=0; _status="";
+	if ! rtl_lmatch "${ARCH}" "nt32 nt64"; then
+		_rc=1; _status="Error: invalid architecture \`${ARCH}'.";
+	elif ! rtl_lmatch "${BUILD}" "debug release"; then
+		_rc=1; _status="Error: unknown build type \`${BUILD}'.";
+	else	case "${ARCH}" in
+		nt32)	DEFAULT_TARGET="i686-nt32-midipix"; ;;
+		nt64)	DEFAULT_TARGET="x86_64-nt64-midipix"; ;;
+		esac;
+		rtl_fileop source_opt							\
+			"${HOME}/midipix_build.vars" "${HOME}/.midipix_build.vars"	\
+			../midipix_build.vars ./midipix.env;
+		if [ -z "${PREFIX}" ]; then
+			_rc=1; _status="Error: \${PREFIX} empty or unset.";
+		fi;
+	fi; return "${_rc}";
+};
+
+#
+# ex_pkg_load_groups() - load all available build groups
+#
+# Return:	zero (0) on success, non-zero (>0) on failure, build groups loaded and ${EX_PKG_BUILD_GROUPS} set post-return.
+#
+ex_pkg_load_groups() {
+	local  _build_groups="" _fname="" _group="" _groups="";
+	for _fname in $(find ./groups -name *.group | sort); do
+		rtl_fileop source_opt "${_fname}";
+		if [ -n "${GROUP_TARGET}" ]; then
+			_group="${GROUP_TARGET}"; unset GROUP_TARGET;
+		else
+			_group="${_fname##*/}"; _group="${_group%.group}"; _group="${_group#*.}";
+		fi;
+		if ! rtl_lmatch "${_groups}" "${_group}"; then
+			_groups="$(rtl_lconcat "${_groups}" "${_group}")";
+			if [ -n "${GROUP_AUTO}" ]; then
+				if [ "${GROUP_AUTO:-0}" -ne 0 ]; then
+					_build_groups="$(rtl_lconcat "${_build_groups}" "${_group}")";
+				fi;
+				unset GROUP_AUTO;
+			else
+				_build_groups="$(rtl_lconcat "${_build_groups}" "${_group}")";
+			fi;
+		fi;
+	done;
+	EX_PKG_BUILD_GROUPS="$(rtl_uniq "${_build_groups}")";
+};
+
+#
 # ex_pkg_unfold_depends() - unfold list of package names into dependency-expanded set of complete, disabled, finished, and outstanding package names
+# @_checkfl:		enable (1) or inhibit (0) dependency expansion
+# @_forcefl:		enable (1) or inhibit (0) forcibly rebuilding finished packages
 # @_group_name:		build group name
 # @_pkg_names:		list of package names
 # @_restart:		optional whitespace-separated list of package names to rebuild
-# @_restart_recursive:	optional flag specifiying either no dependency expansion (0,) dependency expansion (1,) dependency expansion and forcibly rebuild (2,) forcibly rebuild reverse dependencies (3.)
 # @_test_finished:	only exclude disabled packages from ${EX_PKG_NAMES} (0,) split finished packages into ${EX_PKG_FINISHED}
 #
 # Return:		zero (0) on success, non-zero (>0) on failure, ${EX_PKG_DISABLED}, ${EX_PKG_FINISHED}, and ${EX_PKG_NAMES} set post-return.
 #
 ex_pkg_unfold_depends() {
-	local	_group_name="${1}" _pkg_names="${2}" _restart="${3}"	\
-		_restart_recursive="${4}" _test_finished="${5}"		\
+	local	_checkfl="${1}" _forcefl="${2}" _group_name="${3}" _pkg_names="${4}" _restart="${5}" _test_finished="${6}"\
 		_pkg_name="" _restartfl=0;
 	if [ -n "${_restart}" ] && ! rtl_lmatch "${_restart}" "ALL LAST"; then
 		_pkg_names="$(rtl_lsearch "${_pkg_names}" "${_restart}")";
 	fi;
-	if [ -n "${_restart}" ]\
-	&& [ "${_restart_recursive:-0}" -ge 1 ]\
-	&& [ "${_restart_recursive:-0}" -le 2 ]; then
+	if [ -n "${_restart}" ] && [ "${_checkfl:-0}" -eq 1 ]; then
 		_pkg_names="$(rtl_uniq $(rtl_lunfold_depends 'PKG_${_name}_DEPENDS' ${_pkg_names}))";
 	fi;
 	for _pkg_name in ${_pkg_names}; do
@@ -106,7 +183,7 @@ ex_pkg_unfold_depends() {
 		elif [ "${_test_finished:-1}" -eq 1 ]\
 		&&   ex_pkg_state_test "${_pkg_name}" finish\
 		&&   [ "${_restartfl:-0}" -eq 0 ]\
-		&&   [ "${_restart_recursive:-0}" -ne 2 ]\
+		&&   [ "${_forcefl:-0}" -ne 1 ]\
 		&&   [ "x$(rtl_get_var_unsafe -u "${_group_name}_FORCE")" != "x1" ]; then
 			EX_PKG_FINISHED="$(rtl_lconcat "${EX_PKG_FINISHED}" "${_pkg_name}")";
 			_pkg_names="$(rtl_lfilter "${_pkg_names}" "${_pkg_name}")";
@@ -122,7 +199,6 @@ ex_pkg_unfold_depends() {
 # @_group_name:		build group name
 # @_pkg_names:		list of package names
 # @_restart:		optional whitespace-separated list of package names to rebuild
-# @_restart_recursive:	optional flag specifiying either no dependency expansion (0,) dependency expansion (1,) dependency expansion and forcibly rebuild (2,) forcibly rebuild reverse dependencies (3.)
 # @_test_finished:	only exclude disabled packages from ${EX_PKG_NAMES} (0,) split finished packages into ${EX_PKG_FINISHED}
 #
 # Return:		zero (0) on success, non-zero (>0) on failure, ${EX_PKG_DISABLED}, ${EX_PKG_FINISHED}, and ${EX_PKG_NAMES} set post-return.
diff --git a/subr/ex_pkg_dispatch.subr b/subr/ex_pkg_dispatch.subr
index 5426b8d7..44ed8d43 100644
--- a/subr/ex_pkg_dispatch.subr
+++ b/subr/ex_pkg_dispatch.subr
@@ -23,19 +23,21 @@ exp_pkg_dispatch_complete() {
 
 #
 # exp_pkg_dispatch_expand_packages() - expand build group name to list of packages ordered and filtered according to dependency and restart constraints
+# @_checkfl:		enable (1) or inhibit (0) dependency expansion
+# @_forcefl:		enable (1) or inhibit (0) forcibly rebuilding finished packages
 # @_group_name:		build group name
 # @_restart:		optional whitespace-separated list of package names to rebuild
-# @_restart_recursive:	optional flag specifiying either no dependency expansion (0,) dependency expansion (1,) dependency expansion and forcibly rebuild (2,) forcibly rebuild reverse dependencies (3.)
+# @_reversefl:		unfold reverse dependencies (1) or dependencies (0)
 #
 # Return:		zero (0) on success, non-zero (>0) on failure, ${EX_PKG_DISABLED}, ${EX_PKG_FINISHED}, and ${EX_PKG_NAMES} set post-return.
 #
 exp_pkg_dispatch_expand_packages() {
-	local _group_name="${1}" _restart="${2}" _restart_recursive="${3}" _pkg_names="";
-	EX_PKG_DISABLED=""; EX_PKG_FINISHED=""; EX_PKG_NAMES="";
+	local	_checkfl="${1}" _forcefl="${2}" _group_name="${3}" _restart="${4}" _reversefl="${5}"\
+		_pkg_names=""; EX_PKG_DISABLED=""; EX_PKG_FINISHED=""; EX_PKG_NAMES="";
 	if _pkg_names="$(rtl_get_var_unsafe -u "${_group_name}_PACKAGES")"\
 	&& [ -n "${_pkg_names}" ]; then
-		if [ "${_restart_recursive:-0}" -ne 3 ]; then
-			ex_pkg_unfold_depends "${_group_name}" "${_pkg_names}" "${_restart}" "${_restart_recursive}" 1;
+		if [ "${_reversefl:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
+			ex_pkg_unfold_depends "${_checkfl}" "${_forcefl}" "${_group_name}" "${_pkg_names}" "${_restart}" 1;
 		else	ex_pkg_unfold_rdepends "${_group_name}" "${_pkg_names}" "${_restart}" 1;
 		fi;
 	fi;
@@ -46,20 +48,20 @@ exp_pkg_dispatch_expand_packages() {
 # exp_pkg_dispatch_group() - dispatch a single build group
 # @_build_steps_default:	list of default build steps
 # @_build_vars_default:		list of default build variables
+# @_checkfl:			enable (1) or inhibit (0) dependency expansion
 # @_dispatch_fn:		top-level dispatch function name
 # @_group_name:			build group name
 # @_njobs_max:			maximum count of simultaneous jobs
 # @_pipe_path:			pathname to build FIFO
 # @_restart_at:			optional comma-separated list of build steps at which to rebuild or ALL
-# @_restart_recursive:		optional flag specifiying either no dependency expansion (0,) dependency expansion (1,) dependency expansion and forcibly rebuild (2,) forcibly rebuild reverse dependencies (3.)
 # @_workdir:			pathname to build-specific temporary directory
 #
 # Return:			zero (0) on success, non-zero (>0) on failure.
 #
 exp_pkg_dispatch_group() {
-	local	_build_steps_default="${1}" _build_vars_default="${2}" _dispatch_fn="${3}"	\
-		_group_name="${4}" _njobs_max="${5}" _pipe_path="${6}" _restart_at="${7}"	\
-		_restart_recursive="${8}" _workdir="${9}" _pipe_msg="" _pkg_name="" _rc=0;
+	local	_build_steps_default="${1}" _build_vars_default="${2}" _checkfl="${3}"		\
+		_dispatch_fn="${4}" _group_name="${5}" _njobs_max="${6}" _pipe_path="${7}"	\
+		_restart_at="${8}" _workdir="${9}" _pipe_msg="" _pkg_name="" _rc=0;
 	rtl_fileop mkfifo "${_pipe_path}";
 	while true; do
 		while [ "${EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_NJOBS:-0}" -gt 0 ] && read _pipe_msg; do
@@ -72,11 +74,11 @@ exp_pkg_dispatch_group() {
 			if [ -n "${EX_PKG_NAMES}" ] && [ "${_rc}" -eq 0 ]; then
 				if [ "${EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_NJOBS}" -ne "${_njobs_max}" ]; then
 					exp_pkg_dispatch_packages "${_build_steps_default}"	\
-						"${_build_vars_default}" "${_dispatch_fn}"	\
-						"${_group_name}" "${_njobs_max}"		\
-						"${_pipe_path}" "${EX_PKG_DISABLED}"		\
-						"${EX_PKG_FINISHED}" "${_restart_at}"		\
-						"${_restart_recursive}" "${_workdir}";
+						"${_build_vars_default}" "${_checkfl}"		\
+						"${_dispatch_fn}" "${_group_name}"		\
+						"${_njobs_max}" "${_pipe_path}"			\
+						"${EX_PKG_DISABLED}" "${EX_PKG_FINISHED}"	\
+						"${_restart_at}" "${_workdir}";
 				fi;
 			elif [ "${EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_NJOBS:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
 				break;
@@ -90,11 +92,11 @@ exp_pkg_dispatch_group() {
 		if [ -n "${EX_PKG_NAMES}" ] && [ "${_rc}" -eq 0 ]; then
 			if [ "${EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_NJOBS}" -ne "${_njobs_max}" ]; then
 				exp_pkg_dispatch_packages "${_build_steps_default}"		\
-					"${_build_vars_default}" "${_dispatch_fn}"		\
-					"${_group_name}" "${_njobs_max}" "${_pipe_path}"	\
+					"${_build_vars_default}" "${_checkfl}"			\
+					"${_dispatch_fn}" "${_group_name}"			\
+					"${_njobs_max}" "${_pipe_path}"				\
 					"${EX_PKG_DISABLED}" "${EX_PKG_FINISHED}"		\
-					"${_restart_at}" "${_restart_recursive}"		\
-					"${_workdir}";
+					"${_restart_at}" "${_workdir}";
 			fi;
 		elif [ "${EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_NJOBS:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
 			break;
@@ -121,7 +123,13 @@ exp_pkg_dispatch_package() {
 		_group_name="${4}" _pkg_name="${5}" _restart_at="${6}" _workdir="${7}";
 	if "${_dispatch_fn}" start_pkg "${_group_name}" "${_pkg_name}" "$((${EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_COUNT}+1))" "${EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_COUNT_MAX}"; then
 		: $((EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_NJOBS+=1)); : $((EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_COUNT+=1)); EX_PKG_DISPATCH_WAIT="$(rtl_lconcat "${EX_PKG_DISPATCH_WAIT}" "${_pkg_name}")";
-		(set +o errexit -o noglob; BUILD_IS_PARENT=0;
+		(trap "if [ \${?} -eq 0 ]; then							\
+			printf \"done %s %s\n\" \"${_group_name}\" \"${_pkg_name}\" >&3;	\
+		      else									\
+			printf \"fail %s %s\n\" \"${_group_name}\" \"${_pkg_name}\" >&3;	\
+			pkill -U "${$}";							\
+		      fi;" EXIT HUP INT TERM USR1 USR2;
+		set +o errexit -o noglob; BUILD_IS_PARENT=0; rtl_log_set_fname ""; rtl_log_set_no_attr 1;
 		if ex_pkg_env "${_build_steps_default}" "${_build_vars_default}"		\
 				"${_group_name}" 0 "${_pkg_name}" "${_restart_at}" "${_workdir}"; then
 			ex_pkg_exec "${_dispatch_fn}" "${_group_name}" "${_pkg_name}" "${_restart_at}";
@@ -137,6 +145,7 @@ exp_pkg_dispatch_package() {
 # exp_pkg_dispatch_packages() - dispatch set of packages
 # @_build_steps_default:	list of default build steps
 # @_build_vars_default:		list of default build variables
+# @_checkfl:			enable (1) or inhibit (0) dependency expansion
 # @_dispatch_fn:		top-level dispatch function name
 # @_group_name:			build group name
 # @_njobs_max:			maximum count of simultaneous jobs
@@ -144,15 +153,14 @@ exp_pkg_dispatch_package() {
 # @_pkg_disabled:		list of disabled packages
 # @_pkg_finished:		list of finished packages
 # @_restart_at:			optional comma-separated list of build steps at which to rebuild or ALL
-# @_restart_recursive:		optional flag specifiying either no dependency expansion (0,) dependency expansion (1,) dependency expansion and forcibly rebuild (2,) forcibly rebuild reverse dependencies (3.)
 # @_workdir:			pathname to build-specific temporary directory
 #
 # Return:			zero (0) on success, non-zero (>0) on failure, ${EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_NJOBS}, ${EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_COUNT}, ${EX_PKG_NAMES}, and ${EX_PKG_DISPATCH_WAIT} may be mutated post-return.
 #
 exp_pkg_dispatch_packages() {
-	local	_build_steps_default="${1}" _build_vars_default="${2}" _dispatch_fn="${3}"		\
-		_group_name="${4}" _njobs_max="${5}" _pipe_path="${6}" _pkg_disabled="${7}"		\
-		_pkg_finished="${8}" _restart_at="${9}" _restart_recursive="${10}" _workdir="${11}"	\
+	local	_build_steps_default="${1}" _build_vars_default="${2}" _checkfl="${3}"		\
+		_dispatch_fn="${4}" _group_name="${5}" _njobs_max="${6}" _pipe_path="${7}"	\
+		_pkg_disabled="${8}" _pkg_finished="${9}" _restart_at="${10}" _workdir="${11}"	\
 		_foundfl=0 _njob=0 _pkg_depends="" _pkg_name="";
 	while [ "${EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_NJOBS:-0}" -lt "${_njobs_max}" ]; do
 		_foundfl=0;
@@ -160,8 +168,8 @@ exp_pkg_dispatch_packages() {
 			if ! rtl_lmatch "${_pkg_disabled}" "${_pkg_name}"\
 			&& ! rtl_lmatch "${_pkg_finished}" "${_pkg_name}"\
 			&& ! rtl_lmatch "${EX_PKG_DISPATCH_WAIT}" "${_pkg_name}"\
-			&& ex_pkg_check_depends "${_pkg_disabled}" "${_pkg_finished}" "${_pkg_name}"	\
-					"${EX_PKG_DISPATCH_WAIT}" "${_restart_recursive}"; then
+			&& ex_pkg_check_depends "${_checkfl}" "${_pkg_disabled}" "${_pkg_finished}"	\
+					"${_pkg_name}" "${EX_PKG_DISPATCH_WAIT}"; then
 				exp_pkg_dispatch_package "${_build_steps_default}"			\
 					"${_build_vars_default}" "${_dispatch_fn}"			\
 					"${_group_name}" "${_pkg_name}" "${_restart_at}"		\
@@ -185,55 +193,52 @@ exp_pkg_dispatch_packages() {
 # @_pipe_path:			pathname to build FIFO
 # @_restart:			optional whitespace-separated list of package names to rebuild
 # @_restart_at:			optional comma-separated list of build steps at which to rebuild or ALL
-# @_restart_recursive:		optional flag specifiying either no dependency expansion (0,) dependency expansion (1,) dependency expansion and forcibly rebuild (2.)
+# @_restart_recursive:		optional flag specifiying either no dependency expansion (0,) dependency expansion (1,) dependency expansion and forcibly rebuild (2,) forcibly rebuild reverse dependencies (3.)
 # @_workdir:			pathname to build-specific temporary directory
 #
-# Return:			zero (0) on success, non-zero (>0) on failure, ${EX_PKG_DISPATCH_UNKNOWN} and ${EX_PKG_DISPATCH_WAIT} mutated post-return.
+# Return:			zero (0) on success, non-zero (>0) on failure, ${EX_PKG_DISPATCH_WAIT} mutated post-return.
 #
 ex_pkg_dispatch() {
 	local	_build_steps_default="${1}" _build_vars_default="${2}" _dispatch_fn="${3}"		\
 		_group_names="${4}" _groups_inhibit_deps="${5}" _njobs_max="${6}" _pipe_path="${7}"	\
 		_restart="${8}" _restart_at="${9}" _restart_recursive="${10}" _workdir="${11}"		\
-		_pkg_name="" _pkg_names="" _rc=0							\
+		_checkfl=1 _forcefl=0 _pkg_name="" _pkg_names="" _rc=0 _reversefl=0			\
 		EX_PKG_DISABLED EX_PKG_FINISHED EX_PKG_NAMES EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_COUNT			\
 		EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_COUNT_MAX EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_NJOBS; EX_PKG_DISPATCH_WAIT="";
-	if [ "${_groups_inhibit_deps:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
-		_group_names="$(rtl_uniq $(rtl_lunfold_depends '${_name}_GROUP_DEPENDS' ${_group_names}))";
+	case "${_groups_inhibit_deps:-0}" in
+	0)	_group_names="$(rtl_uniq $(rtl_lunfold_depends '${_name}_GROUP_DEPENDS' ${_group_names}))";
+	esac;
+	if [ -n "${_restart}" ]; then
+		case "${_restart_recursive:-0}" in
+		0)	_checkfl=0; _forcefl=0; _reversefl=0; ;;
+		1)	_checkfl=1; _forcefl=0; _reversefl=0; ;;
+		2)	_checkfl=1; _forcefl=1; _reversefl=0; ;;
+		3)	_checkfl=1; _forcefl=1; _reversefl=1; ;;
+		esac;
 	fi;
 	for _group_name in ${_group_names}; do
 		EX_PKG_DISABLED=""; EX_PKG_DISPATCH_WAIT=""; EX_PKG_FINISHED=""; EX_PKG_NAMES="";
 		EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_COUNT=0; EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_COUNT_MAX=0; EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_NJOBS=0;
 		if "${_dispatch_fn}" start_group "${_group_name}" ""; then
 			if rtl_fileop mkdir "${_workdir}"\
-			&& rtl_log_msg vnfo "Resolving \`${_group_name}' dependencies..."\
-			&& exp_pkg_dispatch_expand_packages "${_group_name}" "${_restart}" "${_restart_recursive}"\
+			&& rtl_log_msg notice "Resolving \`%s' dependencies..." "${_group_name}"\
+			&& exp_pkg_dispatch_expand_packages "${_checkfl}" "${_forcefl}" "${_group_name}" "${_restart}" "${_reversefl}"\
 			&& exp_pkg_dispatch_complete "${_dispatch_fn}" "${_group_name}" "${EX_PKG_DISABLED}" "${EX_PKG_FINISHED}"\
-			&& rtl_log_msg vnfo "Resolved \`${_group_name}' dependencies."\
+			&& rtl_log_msg notice "Resolved \`%s' dependencies." "${_group_name}"\
 			&& EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_COUNT_MAX="$(rtl_llength "${EX_PKG_NAMES}")"\
 			&& [ "${EXP_PKG_DISPATCH_COUNT_MAX}" -gt 0 ]; then
 				_pkg_names="$(rtl_lconcat "${_pkg_names}" "${EX_PKG_NAMES}")";
 				exp_pkg_dispatch_group "${_build_steps_default}"			\
-					"${_build_vars_default}" "${_dispatch_fn}" "${_group_name}"	\
-					"${_njobs_max}" "${_pipe_path}" "${_restart_at}"		\
-					"${_restart_recursive}" "${_workdir}"; _rc="${?}";
+					"${_build_vars_default}" "${_checkfl}" "${_dispatch_fn}"	\
+					"${_group_name}" "${_njobs_max}" "${_pipe_path}"		\
+					"${_restart_at}" "${_workdir}"; _rc="${?}";
 			fi;
 			"${_dispatch_fn}" finish_group "${_group_name}" "";
 			if [ "${_rc}" -ne 0 ]; then
 				break;
 			fi;
 		fi;
-	done;
-	if ! rtl_lmatch "${_restart}" "ALL LAST"; then
-		for _pkg_name in ${_restart}; do
-			if ! rtl_lmatch "${_pkg_names}" "${_pkg_name}"; then
-				EX_PKG_DISPATCH_UNKNOWN="$(rtl_lconcat "${EX_PKG_DISPATCH_UNKNOWN}" "${_pkg_name}")";
-			fi;
-		done;
-	fi;
-	if [ -n "${EX_PKG_DISPATCH_UNKNOWN}" ]; then
-		_rc=1;
-	fi;
-	return "${_rc}";
+	done; return "${_rc}";
 };
 
 # vim:filetype=sh textwidth=0
diff --git a/subr/ex_pkg_env.subr b/subr/ex_pkg_env.subr
index edb5e8d1..48b57535 100644
--- a/subr/ex_pkg_env.subr
+++ b/subr/ex_pkg_env.subr
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ exp_pkg_env_defaults() {
 #
 exp_pkg_env_set() {
 	local	_build_vars_default="${1}" _group_name="${2}" _nounset="${3}"	\
-		_pkg_name="${4}" _var_prefixes="" _vars_set="" _vname="";
+		_pkg_name="${4}" _var_prefixes="" _vars_set="" _vname="" IFS IFS0;
 	rtl_set_vars _vars_set BUILD_TYPE "DEFAULT ${_group_name} PKG_${_pkg_name}";
 	rtl_set_vars _vars_set INHERIT_FROM "PKG_${_pkg_name}";
 	_var_prefixes="$(rtl_toupper "DEFAULT DEFAULT_${PKG_BUILD_TYPE} ${_group_name}")";
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ exp_pkg_env_set() {
 				"$(rtl_toupper "PKG_${_pkg_name}")")";
 		fi;
 	done;
-	rtl_push_IFS :; for _vname in ${PKG_ENV_VARS_EXTRA}; do
+	IFS0="${IFS}"; IFS=":"; for _vname in ${PKG_ENV_VARS_EXTRA}; do
 		export "${_vname}";
-	done; rtl_pop_IFS;
+	done; IFS="${IFS0}";
 	if [ "${_nounset:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
 		rtl_unset_vars $(rtl_lfilter					\
 			"$(set | sed -ne '/^PKG_[^=]*=/s/=.*$//p')"		\
diff --git a/subr/ex_pkg_exec.subr b/subr/ex_pkg_exec.subr
index fb0cfa02..4519ce25 100644
--- a/subr/ex_pkg_exec.subr
+++ b/subr/ex_pkg_exec.subr
@@ -88,12 +88,6 @@ exp_pkg_exec_step() {
 ex_pkg_exec() {
 	local	_dispatch_fn="${1}" _group_name="${2}" _pkg_name="${3}" _restart_at="${4}"	\
 		_rc=0 _step="" _step_next="";
-	trap "if [ \${?} -eq 0 ]; then								\
-		echo \"done ${_group_name} ${_pkg_name}\" >&3;					\
-	      else										\
-		echo \"fail ${_group_name} ${_pkg_name}\" >&3;					\
-		pkill -U "${$}";								\
-	      fi;" EXIT HUP INT TERM USR1 USR2;
 	if exp_pkg_exec_pre "${_group_name}" "${_pkg_name}" "${_restart_at}"\
 	&& "${_dispatch_fn}" start_pkg_child "${_group_name}" "${_pkg_name}"; then
 		if rtl_test_cmd "pkg_${_pkg_name}_all"; then
@@ -112,7 +106,7 @@ ex_pkg_exec() {
 				elif ! exp_pkg_exec_step "${_group_name}" "${_pkg_name}" "${_restart_at}" "${_step}"; then
 					_rc=1; break;
 				else
-					echo "step ${_group_name} ${_pkg_name} ${_step}" >&3;
+					printf "step %s %s %s\n" "${_group_name}" "${_pkg_name}" "${_step}" >&3;
 					ex_pkg_state_set "${_pkg_name}" "${_step}" "${_step_next:+-${_step_next}}";
 				fi;
 			done;
diff --git a/subr/pkg_configure_autotools.subr b/subr/pkg_configure_autotools.subr
index d28cc8e1..32daedc1 100644
--- a/subr/pkg_configure_autotools.subr
+++ b/subr/pkg_configure_autotools.subr
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ pkg_configure_autotools() {
 						"${PKG_CONFIG_CACHE}"						\
 						"${PKG_CONFIG_CACHE_LOCAL}"					\
 						"${PKG_CONFIG_CACHE_EXTRA}";
-				do	if ! echo "${_config_cache}"						|\
+				do	if ! printf "%s" "${_config_cache}"					|\
 							tr " " "\n" >> "${PKG_BUILD_DIR}/config.cache"; then
 						return 1;
 					fi;
diff --git a/subr/pkg_fetch_extract.subr b/subr/pkg_fetch_extract.subr
index eedd84ab..8a9d8319 100644
--- a/subr/pkg_fetch_extract.subr
+++ b/subr/pkg_fetch_extract.subr
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 pkgp_fetch_extract_type() {
 	local _fname="${1}";
 	if [ "${1##*.tar.}" != "${1}" ]; then
-		echo "${1##*.tar.}";
+		printf "%s" "${1##*.tar.}";
 	elif [ "${1##*.t}" != "${1}" ]; then
-		echo "${1##*.t}";
+		printf "%s" "${1##*.t}";
 	fi;
 };
 
diff --git a/subr/pkg_install.subr b/subr/pkg_install.subr
index d0b59486..4cefa2d1 100644
--- a/subr/pkg_install.subr
+++ b/subr/pkg_install.subr
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pkg_install() {
 			fi;
 		done; IFS="${_ifs_old}";
 		(set +o errexit -o noglob; trap "rm -f \"${BUILD_WORKDIR}/install.lock\"" EXIT;
-		date; echo trying to grab lock
+		date;
 		while true; do
 			if flock -E 622 -w 600 4; then
 				break;
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ pkg_install() {
 				return 1;
 			else
 				_pkglist_name="${PKG_BASE_DIR##*/}"; _pkglist_name="${_pkglist_name%%-*}";
-				if ! echo "${_pkglist_name}" >> "${PREFIX}/pkglist.${PKG_BUILD_TYPE}"; then
+				if ! printf "%s" "${_pkglist_name}" >> "${PREFIX}/pkglist.${PKG_BUILD_TYPE}"; then
 					return 1;
 				fi;
 			fi;
diff --git a/subr/pkg_install_files.subr b/subr/pkg_install_files.subr
index c555499b..2c6703fb 100644
--- a/subr/pkg_install_files.subr
+++ b/subr/pkg_install_files.subr
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pkgp_install_files_strip() {
 		fi;
 		for _bin_path in $(find "${_tree_root}" -perm /a=x -type f); do
 			if objdump -sj .debug_info "${_bin_path}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-				rtl_log_msg info "Stripping ${_bin_path}...";
+				rtl_log_msg info "Stripping %s..." "${_bin_path}";
 				if ! "${PKG_TARGET}-strip" "${_bin_path}"; then
 					return 1;
 				fi;
diff --git a/subr/pkgtool_init.subr b/subr/pkgtool_init.subr
index ce3c6808..f92572fb 100644
--- a/subr/pkgtool_init.subr
+++ b/subr/pkgtool_init.subr
@@ -2,57 +2,35 @@
 # set +o errexit -o noglob is assumed.
 #
 
-pkgtoolp_init_defaults() {
-	: ${ARCH:="nt64"}; : ${BUILD:="debug"}; : ${PKG_NAME:=""};
-	: ${BUILD_WORKDIR:=""}; : ${PREFIX=""};
-	ARG_INFO=0; ARG_RESTART_AT=""; ARG_RDEPENDS=0;
-	ARG_UPDATE_DIFF=0; ARG_SHELL=0; ARG_TARBALL=0;
-	BUILD_GROUPS="";
-};
-
-pkgtoolp_init_dump() {
+pkgtoolp_init_args() {
 	local _rc=0; _status="";
-	if [ -n "${ARG_RESTART_AT}" ]\
-	|| [ "${ARG_UPDATE_DIFF:-0}" -eq 1 ]\
-	|| [ "${ARG_SHELL:-0}" -eq 1 ]; then
-		if [ ! -e "${BUILD_WORKDIR}/${PKG_NAME}.dump" ]; then
-			rtl_log_msg warn "Warning: failed to locate environment dump for package \`${PKG_NAME}' in \`${BUILD_WORKDIR}'.";
-			rtl_log_msg info "Rebuilding package \`${PKG_NAME}' w/ --dump-in build...";
-			(export	ARCH BUILD						\
-				BUILD_DLCACHEDIR BUILD_WORKDIR				\
-				PREFIX PREFIX_CROSS PREFIX_MINGW32 PREFIX_MINIPIX	\
-				PREFIX_NATIVE PREFIX_ROOT PREFIX_RPM;
-			./build.sh -a "${ARCH}" -b "${BUILD}" --dump-in build -P -r "${PKG_NAME}" -v);
-			if [ ! -e "${BUILD_WORKDIR}/${PKG_NAME}.dump" ]; then
-				_rc=1; _status="Error: failed to locate environment dump for package \`${PKG_NAME}' in \`${BUILD_WORKDIR}'.";
-			fi;
-		else
-			_rc=0;
-		fi;
-		if [ "${_rc:-0}" -eq 0 ]\
-		&& ! . "${BUILD_WORKDIR}/${PKG_NAME}.dump"; then
-			_rc=1; _status="Error: failed to source environment dump for package \`${PKG_NAME}' from \`${BUILD_WORKDIR}'.";
-		elif [ "${_rc:-0}" -eq 0 ]\
-		&&   ! rtl_fileop cd "${PKG_BUILD_DIR}"; then
-			_rc=1; _status="Error: failed to change working directory to \`${PKG_BUILD_DIR}'.";
-		fi;
+	if [ "$((${ARG_INFO:-0} + ${ARG_RDEPENDS:-0} + ${ARG_SHELL:-0} + ${ARG_TARBALL:-0}))" -gt 1 ]; then
+		cat etc/pkgtool.usage; _rc=1; _status="Error: only one of -i, -r, -s, or -t must be specified.";
+	elif [ "$((${ARG_INFO:-0} + ${ARG_RDEPENDS:-0} + ${ARG_SHELL:-0} + ${ARG_TARBALL:-0}))" -eq 0 ]\
+	&&   [ -z "${ARG_RESTART_AT}" ]\
+	&&   [ "${ARG_UPDATE_DIFF:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
+		cat etc/pkgtool.usage; _rc=1; _status="Error: one of -i, -r, -s, or -t must be specified.";
+	else	_rc=0;
 	fi; return "${_rc}";
 };
 
 pkgtoolp_init_env() {
 	local _fname="" _rc=0; _status="";
-	if ! umask 022; then
-		printf "Error: failed to setup environment.\n"; exit 1;
+	if ! cd "${0%/*}"; then
+		printf "Error: failed to change working directory to \`${0%/*}'." >&2; exit 1;
+	elif ! umask 022; then
+		printf "Error: failed to set umask(2).\n" >&2; exit 1;
 	else	for _fname in $(find subr -name *.subr); do
 			if ! . "${_fname}"; then
-				printf "Error: failed to source \`%s'.\n" "${_fname}"; exit 1;
+				printf "Error: failed to source \`%s'.\n" "${_fname}" >&2; exit 1;
 			fi;
-		done; fi;
-	return "${_rc}";
+		done;
+	fi; return "${_rc}";
 };
 
 pkgtoolp_init_getopts() {
-	local _opt="" _shiftfl=0 _rc=0 OPTIND=0; _status="";
+	local _opt="" _shiftfl=0 _rc=0 OPTIND=0; _status=""; : ${ARCH:="nt64"}; : ${BUILD:="debug"};
+	ARG_INFO=0; ARG_RESTART_AT=""; ARG_RDEPENDS=0; ARG_UPDATE_DIFF=0; ARG_SHELL=0; ARG_TARBALL=0;
 	while [ "${#}" -gt 0 ]; do
 		case "${1}" in
 		--update-diff)
@@ -86,78 +64,22 @@ pkgtoolp_init_getopts() {
 		fi;
 	done;
 	if [ "${_rc}" -eq 0 ]; then
-		if [ "$((${ARG_INFO:-0} + ${ARG_RDEPENDS:-0} + ${ARG_SHELL:-0} + ${ARG_TARBALL:-0}))" -gt 1 ]; then
-			cat etc/pkgtool.usage; rtl_log_msg failexit "Error: only one of -i, -r, -s, or -t must be specified.";
-		elif [ "$((${ARG_INFO:-0} + ${ARG_RDEPENDS:-0} + ${ARG_SHELL:-0} + ${ARG_TARBALL:-0}))" -eq 0 ]; then
-			if [ -z "${ARG_RESTART_AT}" ]\
-			&& [ "${ARG_UPDATE_DIFF:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
-				cat etc/pkgtool.usage; rtl_log_msg failexit "Error: one of -i, -r, -s, or -t must be specified.";
-			fi;
-		fi;
 		while [ "${#}" -gt 0 ]; do
-		case "${1}" in
-		*=*)	rtl_set_var_unsafe "${1%%=*}" "${1#*=}"; ;;
-		*)	if [ "${#}" -ne 1 ]; then
-				_rc=1; _status="Error: invalid argument \`${1}'.";
-			fi; break; ;;
-		esac; shift; done;
+			case "${1}" in
+			*=*)	rtl_set_var_unsafe "${1%%=*}" "${1#*=}"; ;;
+			*)	if [ "${#}" -ne 1 ]; then
+					_rc=1; _status="Error: invalid argument \`${1}'.";
+				fi; break; ;;
+			esac; shift;
+		done;
 		if [ "${_rc:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
 			if [ "${#}" -ne 1 ]\
-			&& [ -z "${PKG_NAME}" ]; then
+			&& [ -z "${PKGTOOL_PKG_NAME}" ]; then
 				_rc=1; _status="Error: missing package name.";
 			elif [ "${#}" -eq 1 ]; then
-				PKG_NAME="${1}";
+				PKGTOOL_PKG_NAME="${1}"; export PKGTOOL_PKG_NAME;
 			fi;
 		fi;
-	fi;
-	return "${_rc}";
-};
-
-pkgtoolp_init_groups() {
-	local _default_build_groups="" _fname="" _group="" _groups="" _rc=0; _status="";
-	if [ "${ARG_INFO:-0}" -eq 1 ]\
-	|| [ "${ARG_RDEPENDS:-0}" -eq 1 ]\
-	|| [ "${ARG_TARBALL:-0}" -eq 1 ]; then
-		for _fname in $(find ./groups -name *.group | sort); do
-			rtl_fileop source_opt "${_fname}";
-			if [ -n "${GROUP_TARGET}" ]; then
-				_group="${GROUP_TARGET}"; unset GROUP_TARGET;
-			else
-				_group="${_fname##*/}"; _group="${_group%.group}"; _group="${_group#*.}";
-			fi;
-			if ! rtl_lmatch "${_groups}" "${_group}"; then
-				_groups="$(rtl_lconcat "${_groups}" "${_group}")";
-				if [ -n "${GROUP_AUTO}" ]; then
-					if [ "${GROUP_AUTO:-0}" -ne 0 ]; then
-						_default_build_groups="$(rtl_lconcat "${_default_build_groups}" "${_group}")";
-					fi;
-					unset GROUP_AUTO;
-				else
-					_default_build_groups="$(rtl_lconcat "${_default_build_groups}" "${_group}")";
-				fi;
-			fi;
-		done;
-		_default_build_groups="$(rtl_uniq "${_default_build_groups}")";
-		BUILD_GROUPS="${_default_build_groups}";
-	fi; return "${_rc}";
-};
-
-pkgtoolp_init_package() {
-	local _foundfl=0 _group_name="" _pkg_names="" _rc=0; _status="";
-	if [ "${ARG_INFO:-0}" -eq 1 ]\
-	|| [ "${ARG_RDEPENDS:-0}" -eq 1 ]\
-	|| [ "${ARG_TARBALL:-0}" -eq 1 ]; then
-		for _group_name in ${BUILD_GROUPS}; do
-			if ! _pkg_names="$(rtl_get_var_unsafe -u "${_group_name}_PACKAGES")"\
-			|| [ -z "${_pkg_names}" ]; then
-				rtl_log_msg warn "Warning: ignoring non-existent or invalid build group \`${_build_group}'.";
-			elif rtl_lmatch "${_pkg_names}" "${PKG_NAME}"; then
-				_foundfl=1;
-			fi;
-		done;
-		if [ "${_foundfl:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
-			_rc=1; _status="Error: package \`${PKG_NAME}' unknown.";
-		fi;
 	fi; return "${_rc}";
 };
 
@@ -176,45 +98,18 @@ pkgtoolp_init_prereqs() {
 	elif ! (FNAME="$(mktemp)" && { trap "rm -f \"\${FNAME}\"" EXIT;		\
 			sed -i'' -e '' "${FNAME}" >/dev/null 2>&1; }); then
 		_rc=1; _status="Error: sed(1) in \${PATH} does not support the \`-i' option.";
-	fi;
-	return "${_rc}";
-};
-
-pkgtoolp_init_vars() {
-	local _rc=0; _status="";
-	if ! rtl_lmatch "${ARCH}" "nt32 nt64"; then
-		_rc=1; _status="Error: invalid architecture \`${ARCH}'.";
-	elif ! rtl_lmatch "${BUILD}" "debug release"; then
-		_rc=1; _status="Error: unknown build type \`${BUILD}'.";
-	else	case "${ARCH}" in
-		nt32)	DEFAULT_TARGET="i686-nt32-midipix"; ;;
-		nt64)	DEFAULT_TARGET="x86_64-nt64-midipix"; ;;
-		esac;
-		rtl_fileop source_opt							\
-			"${HOME}/midipix_build.vars" "${HOME}/.midipix_build.vars"	\
-			../midipix_build.vars ./midipix.env;
-		if [ -z "${PREFIX}" ]; then
-			_rc=1; _status="Error: \${PREFIX} empty or unset.";
-		fi; fi;
-	return "${_rc}";
+	fi; return "${_rc}";
 };
 
 pkgtool_init() {
-	local _fname="" _rc=0 _status="";
+	local _fname="" _rc=0; _status="";
 	if ! pkgtoolp_init_env			\
-	|| ! pkgtoolp_init_defaults		\
 	|| ! pkgtoolp_init_getopts "${@}"	\
 	|| ! pkgtoolp_init_prereqs		\
-	|| ! pkgtoolp_init_vars			\
-	|| ! pkgtoolp_init_dump			\
-	|| ! pkgtoolp_init_groups		\
-	|| ! pkgtoolp_init_package; then
-		_rc="${?}"; rtl_log_msg fail "${_status}"; exit "${_rc}";
-	elif [ -n "${_status}" ]; then
-		rtl_log_msg info "${_status}"; exit 0;
-	else
-		return "${_rc}";
-	fi;
+	|| ! ex_pkg_load_vars			\
+	|| ! pkgtoolp_init_args; then
+		_rc=1; _status="${_status}";
+	fi; return "${_rc}";
 };
 
 # vim:filetype=sh
diff --git a/subr/rtl.subr b/subr/rtl.subr
index 18ddb8d6..f029a8e1 100644
--- a/subr/rtl.subr
+++ b/subr/rtl.subr
@@ -2,16 +2,11 @@
 # set +o errexit -o noglob is assumed.
 #
 
-EXP_RTL_IFS="${IFS}";
-
-rtl_basename() { echo "${1##*/}"; };
+rtl_basename() { local _fname="${1##*/}"; printf "%s" "${_fname}"; };
 rtl_date() { command date "+${1:-${DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_FMT}}"; };
-rtl_dirname() { echo "${1%/*}"; };
-rtl_pop_IFS() { IFS="${EXP_RTL_IFS}"; };
-rtl_push_IFS() { EXP_RTL_IFS="${IFS}"; IFS="${1}"; };
 rtl_set_var_unsafe() { [ -n "${2}" ] && eval ${1}=\"${2}\" || return 0; };
 rtl_test_cmd() { command -v "${1}" >/dev/null; };
-rtl_uniq() { echo "${@}" | sed 's/ /\n/g' | awk '!x[$0]++' | paste -s -d" "; };
+rtl_uniq() { if [ "${#}" -gt 0 ]; then printf "%s" "${*}" | sed 's/ /\n/g' | awk '!x[$0]++' | paste -s -d" "; fi; };
 rtl_unset_vars() { while [ ${#} -gt 0 ]; do unset "${1}"; shift; done; };
 
 # vim:filetype=sh
diff --git a/subr/rtl_complex.subr b/subr/rtl_complex.subr
index 01e373ea..0e39178d 100644
--- a/subr/rtl_complex.subr
+++ b/subr/rtl_complex.subr
@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@ rtl_clean_env() {
 	rtl_unset_vars $(rtl_lfilter "${_env_vars}" "${_env_vars_except}");
 };
 
+rtl_dirname() {
+	local _dname="${1%/*}";
+	while rtl_matchr "${_dname}" "*/"; do
+		_dname="${_dname%/}";
+	done; printf "%s" "${_dname:-/}";
+};
+
 rtl_exists_any() {
 	local _subdir="${1}"; shift;
 	while [ "${#}" -gt 0 ]; do
@@ -79,12 +86,13 @@ rtl_filter_vars() {
 			esac; ;;
 		esac;
 		if "${_fn}" "${_vname}"; then
-			_vars="$(rtl_lconcat "${_vars}" "${_var_spec}" "\n")"; _fnfl=1;
+			_vars="${_vars:+${_vars}
+}${_var_spec}"; _fnfl=1;
 		else
 			_fnfl=0;
 		fi;
 	done;
-	echo "${_vars}";
+	printf "%s" "${_vars}";
 };
 
 rtl_get_cpu_count() {
@@ -96,7 +104,7 @@ rtl_get_cpu_count() {
 				if rtl_match "${_line}" "processor*:"; then
 					: $((_ncpus+=1));
 				fi;
-			done < /proc/cpuinfo; echo "${_ncpus}";
+			done < /proc/cpuinfo; printf "%s" "${_ncpus}";
 		fi; ;;
 	*)	_rc=1; _status="Error: unknown platform \`${_sname}'."; ;;
 	esac; return "${_rc}";
@@ -112,6 +120,11 @@ rtl_get_var_unsafe() {
 	eval echo \${${_vname}};
 };
 
+rtl_get_vars_fast() {
+	local _pattern="${1}";
+	set | awk -F= '/'"${_pattern}"'/{print $1}' | sort;
+};
+
 rtl_head() {
 	local _pattern="${1}" _s="${2}";
 	while true; do
@@ -121,7 +134,7 @@ rtl_head() {
 			_s="${_s%%${_pattern}}";
 		fi;
 	done;
-	echo "${_s}";
+	printf "%s" "${_s}";
 };
 
 rtl_is_newer() {
diff --git a/subr/rtl_fetch.subr b/subr/rtl_fetch.subr
index 3afd30dc..e93d69eb 100644
--- a/subr/rtl_fetch.subr
+++ b/subr/rtl_fetch.subr
@@ -82,7 +82,8 @@ rtl_fetch_url_wget() {
 		if [ -n "${_sha256sum_src}" ]; then
 			set -- $(sha256sum "${_url_dst}");
 			if [ "${_sha256sum_dst:=${1}}" != "${_sha256sum_src}" ]; then
-				rtl_log_msg failexit "Error: hash mismatch for URL \`${_url}' (downloaded file: ${_sha256sum_dst}, from build variables: ${_sha256sum_src}.)";
+				rtl_log_msg fatalexit "Error: hash mismatch for URL \`%s' (downloaded file: %s, from build variables: %s.)"\
+						"${_url}" "${_sha256sum_dst}" "${_sha256sum_src}";
 			fi;
 		fi;
 		rtl_fileop touch "${_url_dst}.fetched";
diff --git a/subr/rtl_fileop.subr b/subr/rtl_fileop.subr
index c2b403fa..fd45f67f 100644
--- a/subr/rtl_fileop.subr
+++ b/subr/rtl_fileop.subr
@@ -2,123 +2,137 @@
 # set +o errexit -o noglob is assumed.
 #
 
-exp_rtl_fileop_check() {
+#
+# Private globals and subroutines
+#
+RTLP_FILEOP_LOG=0;
+rtl_fileop_set_log() { RTLP_FILEOP_LOG="${1}"; };
+
+rtlp_fileop_check() {
 	local _prefix="${1}" _pname="" _rname=""; shift;
 	while [ "${#}" -gt 0 ]; do
 		return 0;
 	shift; done;
 };
 
+rtlp_fileop_log() {
+	local _msg="${1}";
+	if [ "${RTLP_FILEOP_LOG:-0}" -eq 1 ]; then
+		rtl_log_msg debug "${_msg}";
+	fi;
+};
+
+
 rtl_fileop() {
 	local _op="${1}" _dst="" _mode="" _install_args="" _owner="" _rc=0 _src=""; shift;
 	case "${_op}" in
 	cd)	if [ \( -z "${1}" \) -o ! \( -L "${1}" -o -e "${1}" \) ]; then
-			rtl_log_msg failexit "Invalid or non-existent directory \`${1}'.";
-		elif exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"; then
-			rtl_log_msg vvvv "Changing working directory to \`${1}'.";
+			rtl_log_msg fatalexit "Invalid or non-existent directory \`%s'." "${1}";
+		elif rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"; then
+			rtlp_fileop_log "Changing working directory to \`${1}'.";
 			cd -- "${1}"; _rc="${?}";
 		fi; ;;
 	chmod)	if [ "${#}" -lt 2 ]; then
-			rtl_log_msg failexit "Missing parameters (in: chmod ${*}.)";
+			rtl_log_msg fatalexit "Missing parameters (in: chmod %s.)" "${*}";
 		elif _mode="${1}" && shift\
-		&&   exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${*}"; then
-			rtl_log_msg vvvv "Changing file mode bits of \`${*}' to \`${_mode}'.";
+		&&   rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${*}"; then
+			rtlp_fileop_log "Changing file mode bits of \`${*}' to \`${_mode}'.";
 			chmod -- "${_mode}" "${@}"; _rc="${?}";
 		fi; ;;
 	chown)	if [ "${#}" -lt 2 ]; then
-			rtl_log_msg failexit "Missing parameters (in: chown ${*}.)";
+			rtl_log_msg fatalexit "Missing parameters (in: chown %s.)" "${*}";
 		elif _owner="${1}" && shift\
-		&&   exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${*}"; then
-			rtl_log_msg vvvv "Changing file owner of \`${*}' to \`${_owner}'.";
+		&&   rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${*}"; then
+			rtlp_fileop_log "Changing file owner of \`${*}' to \`${_owner}'.";
 			chown -- "${_owner}" "${@}"; _rc="${?}";
 		fi; ;;
 	cp_follow)
 		if [ "${#}" -lt 2 ]; then
-			rtl_log_msg failexit "Missing parameters (in: cp_follow ${*}.)";
-		elif exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${*}"; then
+			rtl_log_msg fatalexit "Missing parameters (in: cp_follow %s}.)" "${*}";
+		elif rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${*}"; then
 			_src="${*}"; _src="${_src% *}";
 			_dst="${*}"; _dst="${_dst##* }";
-			rtl_log_msg vvvv "Copying \`${_src}' into \`${_dst}' w/ -pLR.";
+			rtlp_fileop_log "Copying \`${_src}' into \`${_dst}' w/ -pLR.";
 			cp -pLR -- "${@}"; _rc="${?}";
 		fi; ;;
 	cp)	if [ "${#}" -lt 2 ]; then
-			rtl_log_msg failexit "Missing parameters (in: cp ${*}.)";
-		elif exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${*}"; then
+			rtl_log_msg fatalexit "Missing parameters (in: cp %s.)" "${*}";
+		elif rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${*}"; then
 			_src="${*}"; _src="${_src% *}";
 			_dst="${*}"; _dst="${_dst##* }";
-			rtl_log_msg vvvv "Copying \`${_src}' into \`${_dst}' w/ -pPR.";
+			rtlp_fileop_log "Copying \`${_src}' into \`${_dst}' w/ -pPR.";
 			cp -pPR -- "${@}"; _rc="${?}";
 		fi; ;;
 	install)
 		if [ "${#}" -lt 2 ]; then
-			rtl_log_msg failexit "Missing parameters (in: install ${*}.)";
-		else	_dst="$(while [ ""${#}"" -gt 2 ]; do shift; done; echo "${2}")";
-			_install_args="$(while [ ""${#}"" -gt 2 ]; do echo "${1}"; shift; done)";
-			_src="$(while [ ""${#}"" -gt 2 ]; do shift; done; echo "${1}")";
-			if exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${_dst}" "${_src}"; then
-				rtl_log_msg vvvv "Installing \`${_src}' into \`${_dst}' w/ ${_install_args}.";
+			rtl_log_msg fatalexit "Missing parameters (in: install %s.)" "${*}";
+		else	_dst="$(while [ ""${#}"" -gt 2 ]; do shift; done; printf "%s" "${2}")";
+			_install_args="$(while [ ""${#}"" -gt 2 ]; do printf "%s" "${1}"; shift; done)";
+			_src="$(while [ ""${#}"" -gt 2 ]; do shift; done; printf "%s" "${1}")";
+			if rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${_dst}" "${_src}"; then
+				rtlp_fileop_log "Installing \`${_src}' into \`${_dst}' w/ ${_install_args}.";
 				install "${@}"; _rc="${?}";
 			fi;
 		fi; ;;
 	ln_symbolic)
 		if [ \( -z "${1}" \) -o \( -z "${2}" \) ]; then
-			rtl_log_msg failexit "Missing parameters (in: ln_symbolic ${*}.)";
-		elif exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${2}"; then
+			rtl_log_msg fatalexit "Missing parameters (in: ln_symbolic %s.)" "${*}";
+		elif rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${2}"; then
 			if rtl_fileop test "${2}"; then
 				rtl_fileop rm "${2}";
 			fi;
 			if [ "${?}" -eq 0 ]; then
-				rtl_log_msg vvvv "Linking \`${1}' to \`${2}' w/ -fs";
+				rtlp_fileop_log "Linking \`${1}' to \`${2}' w/ -fs";
 				ln -fs -- "${1}" "${2}"; _rc="${?}";
 			fi;
 		fi; ;;
 	mv)	if [ \( -z "${1}" \) -o \( -z "${2}" \) ]; then
-			rtl_log_msg failexit "Missing parameters (in: mv ${*}.)";
-		elif exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}" "${2}"; then
-			rtl_log_msg vvvv "Moving \`${1}' to \`${2}' w/ -fs";
+			rtl_log_msg fatalexit "Missing parameters (in: mv %s.)" "${*}";
+		elif rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}" "${2}"; then
+			rtlp_fileop_log "Moving \`${1}' to \`${2}' w/ -fs";
 			mv -f -- "${1}" "${2}"; _rc="${?}";
 		fi; ;;
 	mkdir|mkfifo|rm|source_opt|test|touch)
 		while [ \( "${?}" -eq 0 \) -a \( ""${#}"" -gt 0 \) ]; do
 			if [ -z "${1}" ]; then
-				rtl_log_msg failexit "Missing parameters (in: ${_op} ${*}.)";
+				rtl_log_msg fatalexit "Missing parameters (in: %s %s.)" "${_op}" "${*}";
 			elif [ "${_op}" = mkdir ]\
 			&& [ ! -d "${1}" ]\
-			&& exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"; then
+			&& rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"; then
 				if rtl_fileop test "${1}"; then
 					rtl_fileop rm "${1}";
 				fi;
-				rtl_log_msg vvvv "Making directory \`${1}'.";
+				rtlp_fileop_log "Making directory \`${1}'.";
 				mkdir -p -- "${1}"; _rc="${?}";
 			elif [ "${_op}" = mkfifo ]\
-			&& exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"; then
+			&& rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"; then
 				if rtl_fileop test "${1}"; then
 					rtl_fileop rm "${1}";
 				fi;
-				rtl_log_msg vvvv "Creating FIFO \`${1}'.";
-				exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}";
+				rtlp_fileop_log "Creating FIFO \`${1}'.";
+				rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}";
 				mkfifo -- "${1}"; _rc="${?}";
 			elif [ "${_op}" = rm ]\
 			&& rtl_fileop test "${1}"\
-			&& exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"; then
-				rtl_log_msg vvvv "Removing directory or file \`${1}'.";
+			&& rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"; then
+				rtlp_fileop_log "Removing directory or file \`${1}'.";
 				rm -rf -- "${1}"; _rc="${?}";
 			elif [ "${_op}" = source_opt ]\
 			&& rtl_fileop test "${1}"\
-			&& exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"; then
-				rtl_log_msg vvvv "Sourcing file \`${1}'.";
+			&& rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"; then
+				rtlp_fileop_log "Sourcing file \`${1}'.";
 				. "${1}"; _rc="${?}";
 			elif [ "${_op}" = test ]\
-			&& exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"\
+			&& rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"\
 			&& ! [ \( -L "${1}" \) -o \( -e "${1}" \) ]; then
 				return 1;
 			elif [ "${_op}" = touch ]\
-			&& exp_rtl_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"; then
-				rtl_log_msg vvvv "Touching file \`${1}'.";
+			&& rtlp_fileop_check "${PREFIX}" "${1}"; then
+				rtlp_fileop_log "Touching file \`${1}'.";
 				touch -- "${1}"; _rc="${?}";
 			fi; shift;
 		done; ;;
-	*)	rtl_log_msg failexit "Error: rtl_fileop() called w/ invalid parameter(s): ${*}"; ;;
+	*)	rtl_log_msg fatalexit "Error: rtl_fileop() called w/ invalid parameter(s): %s" "${*}"; ;;
 	esac; return "${_rc}";
 };
 
diff --git a/subr/rtl_list.subr b/subr/rtl_list.subr
index f57a3ee9..b1105bab 100644
--- a/subr/rtl_list.subr
+++ b/subr/rtl_list.subr
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ rtl_lfilter() {
 	local	_list="${1}" _filter="${2}" _sep="${3:- }" IFS="${3:-${IFS}}"	\
 		_filterfl="" _litem="" _litem_filter="" _lnew="";
 	if [ -z "${_filter}" ]; then
-		echo "${_list}"; return 0;
+		printf "%s" "${_list}"; return 0;
 	else for _litem in ${_list}; do
 		_filterfl=0;
 		for _litem_filter in ${_filter}; do
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ rtl_lfilter() {
 			_lnew="${_lnew:+${_lnew}${_sep}}${_litem}";
 		fi;
 	done; fi;
-	echo "${_lnew}";
+	printf "%s" "${_lnew}";
 };
 
 rtl_llength() {
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ rtl_llength() {
 	for _litem in ${_list}; do
 		: $((_llength+=1));
 	done;
-	echo "${_llength}";
+	printf "%s" "${_llength}";
 };
 
 rtl_llift() {
 	local _list="${1}" _sep="${2}" _sep_new="${3}" IFS; IFS="${_sep}";
 	set -- ${_list}; IFS="${_sep_new}";
-	echo "${*}";
+	printf "%s" "${*}";
 };
 
 rtl_lmatch() {
@@ -49,11 +49,21 @@ rtl_lmatch() {
 	[ -n "$(rtl_lsearch "${_list}" "${_item}" "${_sep}")" ];
 };
 
+rtl_lmax() {
+	local _len=0 _len_max=0;
+	while [ "${#}" -gt 0 ]; do
+		_len="${#1}";
+		if [ "${_len}" -gt "${_len_max}" ]; then
+			_len_max="${_len}";
+		fi; shift;
+	done; printf "%s" "${_len_max}";
+};
+
 rtl_lsearch() {
 	local	_list="${1}" _filter="${2}" _sep="${3:- }" IFS="${3:-${IFS}}"	\
 		_litem="" _litem_filter="" _lnew="";
 	if [ -z "${_filter}" ]; then
-		echo "${_list}"; return 0;
+		printf "%s" "${_list}"; return 0;
 	else for _litem in ${_list}; do
 		for _litem_filter in ${_filter}; do
 			if [ "${_litem_filter}" = "${_litem}" ]; then
@@ -62,7 +72,7 @@ rtl_lsearch() {
 			fi;
 		done;
 	done; fi;
-	echo "${_lnew}";
+	printf "%s" "${_lnew}";
 };
 
 rtl_lsort() {
@@ -80,7 +90,7 @@ rtl_lunfold_depends() {
 		fi;
 		_names="$(rtl_lconcat "${_names}" "${_name}")";
 	done;
-	echo "${_names}";
+	printf "%s" "${_names}";
 };
 
 # vim:filetype=sh
diff --git a/subr/rtl_log.subr b/subr/rtl_log.subr
index 51db687b..860ccf03 100644
--- a/subr/rtl_log.subr
+++ b/subr/rtl_log.subr
@@ -2,77 +2,76 @@
 # set +o errexit -o noglob is assumed.
 #
 
-: ${DEFAULT_LOG_MSG_FAIL_COLOUR:=91};
-: ${DEFAULT_LOG_MSG_INFO_COLOUR:=93};
-: ${DEFAULT_LOG_MSG_INF2_COLOUR:=33};
-: ${DEFAULT_LOG_MSG_SUCC_COLOUR:=92};
-: ${DEFAULT_LOG_MSG_SUC2_COLOUR:=32};
-: ${DEFAULT_LOG_MSG_VNFO_COLOUR:=96};
-: ${DEFAULT_LOG_MSG_VUCC_COLOUR:=90};
-: ${DEFAULT_LOG_MSG_VVFO_COLOUR:=96};
-: ${DEFAULT_LOG_MSG_VVVO_COLOUR:=96};
-: ${DEFAULT_LOG_MSG_VVVV_COLOUR:=96};
-: ${DEFAULT_LOG_MSG_WARN_COLOUR:=31};
+#
+# Private globals and subroutines
+#
+RTLP_LOG_NO_ATTR=0;
+RTLP_LOG_FNAME="";
+RTLP_LOG_LVL="0";
+rtl_log_set_fname() { RTLP_LOG_FNAME="${1}"; };
+rtl_log_set_lvl() { RTLP_LOG_LVL="${1}"; };
+rtl_log_set_no_attr() { RTLP_LOG_NO_ATTR="${1}"; };
 
-exp_rtl_log_printf() {
-	local _attrs="${1}" _msg=""; shift; _msg="$(printf "${@}")";
-	if [ "${BUILD_IS_PARENT:-0}" -eq 1 ]\
-	&& [ -n "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LOG_FNAME}" ]\
-	&& [ -e "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LOG_FNAME}" ]; then
-		printf "%s\n" "${_msg}" >> "${DEFAULT_BUILD_LOG_FNAME}";
+rtlp_log_printf() {
+	local _attr="${1}" _fmt="${2}"; shift 2; _msg="$(printf "${_fmt}" "${@}")";
+	if [ -n "${RTLP_LOG_FNAME}" ]; then
+		printf "%s\n" "${_msg}" >> "${RTLP_LOG_FNAME}";
+	fi;
+	if [ "${RTLP_LOG_NO_ATTR:-0}" -eq 0 ]; then
+		printf "\033[0m\033[${_attr}m%s\033[0m\n" "${_msg}";
+	else
+		printf "%s\n" "${_msg}";
 	fi;
-	printf "\033[0m\033[${_attr}m%s\033[0m\n" "${_msg}";
 };
 
+#
+# Public globals
+#
+RTL_LOG_MSG_FATAL_COLOUR=91;		# Bright red
+RTL_LOG_MSG_WARNING_COLOUR=31;		# Dark red
+RTL_LOG_MSG_SUCCESS_COLOUR=33;		# Dark yellow
+RTL_LOG_MSG_SUCCESS_END_COLOUR=32;	# Dark green
+RTL_LOG_MSG_INFO_COLOUR=93;		# Bright yellow
+RTL_LOG_MSG_INFO_END_COLOUR=92;		# Bright green
+RTL_LOG_MSG_NOTICE_COLOUR=96;		# Bright cyan
+RTL_LOG_MSG_VERBOSE_COLOUR=90;		# Dark grey
+RTL_LOG_MSG_DEBUG_COLOUR=36;		# Dark cyan
+
+
 rtl_log_env_vars() {
-	local _nvar=1 _arg="" _arg_len_max=0;
+	local _arg_len_max=0;
 	rtl_log_msg info "Variables for this ${1:-build}:"; shift;
-	while [ ${_nvar} -le ${#} ]; do
-		_arg="$(eval echo \${${_nvar}})";
-		_arg="${_arg%%=*}";
-		if [ ${#_arg} -gt ${_arg_len_max} ]; then
-			_arg_len_max=${#_arg};
-		fi; : $((_nvar+=1));
-	done;
-	while [ ${#} -gt 0 ]; do
-		rtl_log_msg info "$(printf			\
+	_arg_len_max="$(rtl_lmax "${@}")";
+	while [ "${#}" -gt 0 ]; do
+		rtl_log_msg info				\
 			"%${_arg_len_max}.${_arg_len_max}s=%s"	\
-			"${1%%=*}" "$(rtl_get_var_unsafe ${1#*=})")";
+			"${1%%=*}" "$(rtl_get_var_unsafe "${1#*=}")";
 		shift;
 	done;
 };
 
-rtl_log_set_vnfo_lvl() {
-	EXP_RTL_LOG_VNFO_LVL="${1}";
-};
-
 rtl_log_msg() {
-	local _lvl="${1}" _lvl_uc="" _attr=""; shift;
-	if [ "${_lvl}" = vnfo ]\
-	|| [ "${_lvl}" = vucc ]\
-	&& [ "${EXP_RTL_LOG_VNFO_LVL:-0}" -lt 1 ]; then
-		return;
-	elif [ "${_lvl}" = vvfo ]\
-	&& [ "${EXP_RTL_LOG_VNFO_LVL:-0}" -lt 2 ]; then
-		return;
-	elif [ "${_lvl}" = vvvo ]\
-	&& [ "${EXP_RTL_LOG_VNFO_LVL:-0}" -lt 3 ]; then
-		return;
-	elif [ "${_lvl}" = vvvv ]\
-	&& [ "${EXP_RTL_LOG_VNFO_LVL:-0}" -lt 4 ]; then
-		return;
-	fi;
-	_lvl_uc="$(rtl_toupper "${_lvl%exit}")";
-	_attr="$(rtl_get_var_unsafe "DEFAULT_LOG_MSG_${_lvl_uc}_COLOUR")";
-	if [ ${#} -gt 1 ]; then
-		exp_rtl_log_printf "${_attrs}" "==> %s %s %s" "$(rtl_date)" "${1}" "$*";
-	else
-		exp_rtl_log_printf "${_attrs}" "==> %s %s" "$(rtl_date)" "${1}";
-	fi;
-	if [ ${_lvl} = failexit ]; then
+	local _lvl="${1}" _fmt="${2}" _attr=""; shift 2;
+	case "${RTLP_LOG_LVL:-0}" in
+	0)	rtl_lmatch "notice verbose debug" "${_lvl}" && return; ;;
+	1)	rtl_lmatch "verbose debug" "${_lvl}" && return; ;;
+	2)	rtl_lmatch "debug" "${_lvl}" && return; ;;
+	3)	;;
+	esac;
+	case "${_lvl}" in
+	fatal|fatalexit)	_attr="${RTL_LOG_MSG_FATAL_COLOUR}"; ;;
+	warning)		_attr="${RTL_LOG_MSG_WARNING_COLOUR}"; ;;
+	success)		_attr="${RTL_LOG_MSG_SUCCESS_COLOUR}"; ;;
+	success_end)		_attr="${RTL_LOG_MSG_SUCCESS_END_COLOUR}"; ;;
+	info)			_attr="${RTL_LOG_MSG_INFO_COLOUR}"; ;;
+	info_end)		_attr="${RTL_LOG_MSG_INFO_END_COLOUR}"; ;;
+	notice)			_attr="${RTL_LOG_MSG_NOTICE_COLOUR}"; ;;
+	verbose)		_attr="${RTL_LOG_MSG_VERBOSE_COLOUR}"; ;;
+	debug)			_attr="${RTL_LOG_MSG_DEBUG_COLOUR}"; ;;
+	esac;
+	rtlp_log_printf "${_attr}" "==> %s ${_fmt}" "$(rtl_date)" "${@}";
+	if [ "x${_lvl}" = "xfatalexit" ]; then
 		exit 1;
-	else
-		return 0;
 	fi;
 };
 
diff --git a/subr/rtl_string.subr b/subr/rtl_string.subr
index c30cfe8c..2dd9e27a 100644
--- a/subr/rtl_string.subr
+++ b/subr/rtl_string.subr
@@ -21,6 +21,15 @@ rtl_match() {
 	fi;
 };
 
+rtl_matchr() {
+	local _s="${1}" _find="${2}";
+	if [ "${_s%${_find}}" != "${_s}" ]; then
+		return 0;
+	else
+		return 1;
+	fi;
+};
+
 rtl_subst() {
 	local _s="${1}" _find="${2}" _replace="${3}" _prefix="" _s_new="";
 	while [ -n "${_s}" ]; do
@@ -29,7 +38,7 @@ rtl_subst() {
 			_s_new="${_s_new:+${_s_new}}${_prefix}${_replace}"; ;;
 	*)		_s_new="${_s_new:+${_s_new}}${_s}"; _s=""; ;;
 	esac; done;
-	echo "${_s_new}";
+	printf "%s" "${_s_new}";
 };
 
 rtl_tolower() {
@@ -68,7 +77,7 @@ rtl_tolower() {
 			_s="${_s#[^ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ]}";
 		done; ;;
 	esac; done;
-	echo "${_s_new}";
+	printf "%s" "${_s_new}";
 };
 
 rtl_toupper() {
@@ -107,7 +116,7 @@ rtl_toupper() {
 			_s="${_s#[^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz]}";
 		done; ;;
 	esac; done;
-	echo "${_s_new}";
+	printf "%s" "${_s_new}";
 };
 
 # vim:filetype=sh